{"chapters":[{"n":1,"slug":"values-and-principles","title":"The values and principles of the UK"},{"n":2,"slug":"what-is-the-uk","title":"What is the UK?"},{"n":3,"slug":"history","title":"A long and illustrious history"},{"n":4,"slug":"modern-society","title":"A modern, thriving society"},{"n":5,"slug":"government-and-law","title":"The UK government, the law and your role"}],"questions":[{"s":"principle-rule-of-law","c":1,"k":"single","q":"Which of these is one of the fundamental principles of life in Britain?","o":["The rule of law","One official faith for everyone","Government by a single party","Leaders chosen without elections"],"a":[0],"e":"The rule of law is on the handbook's list of fundamental principles, along with democracy, individual liberty, tolerance of different faiths and beliefs, and taking part in community life."},{"s":"principles-liberty-community-life","c":1,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are fundamental principles of life in Britain?","o":["Individual liberty","Participation in community life","Loyalty to one political party","Obedience to one official religion"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Individual liberty and participation in community life are both on the list of fundamental principles. The list also includes democracy and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs, not loyalty to one party or one religion."},{"s":"principle-tolerance-faiths-beliefs","c":1,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Tolerance of people with different faiths and beliefs is one of the fundamental principles of life in Britain.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Tolerance towards people of other faiths and beliefs is on the list of fundamental principles, together with democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and community participation."},{"s":"no-place-for-extremism","c":1,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Extremism and intolerance have no place in British society.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The handbook is clear that British society does not accept extremism or intolerance. Its values are based on history and tradition and protected by law."},{"s":"pledge-at-citizenship-ceremony","c":1,"k":"single","q":"At which event do new citizens pledge to uphold the values of the UK?","o":["A citizenship ceremony","Their first general election","Registering with a doctor","Applying for a visa"],"a":[0],"e":"The pledge is part of the citizenship ceremony. In it, new citizens promise to uphold the UK's values."},{"s":"citizenship-pledge-promises","c":1,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO promises are part of the citizenship pledge?","o":["To uphold the UK's democratic values","To observe the UK's laws faithfully","To vote in every general election","To join a political party"],"a":[0,1],"e":"In the pledge, new citizens promise loyalty to the UK, to uphold its democratic values, to obey its laws faithfully and to carry out their duties as citizens."},{"s":"citizenship-pledge-loyalty","c":1,"k":"single","q":"In the citizenship pledge, new citizens promise to give their loyalty to:","o":["The United Kingdom","The Commonwealth","Their local council","The Church of England"],"a":[0],"e":"The pledge opens with a promise to be loyal to the United Kingdom and to respect its rights and freedoms."},{"s":"values-protected-law-customs","c":1,"k":"single","q":"According to the handbook, how are the fundamental values of British society protected?","o":["By law, customs and expectations","By religious law alone","By the armed forces alone","By the monarch's personal orders"],"a":[0],"e":"The values come from history and traditions. Law, customs and expectations all protect them."},{"s":"values-based-history-traditions","c":1,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The fundamental values of British society come from the country's history and traditions.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The UK's values have grown out of its history and traditions. They are reflected in the rights, responsibilities and privileges of citizens and permanent residents."},{"s":"responsibilities-fairness-environment","c":1,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are responsibilities of a person who wants to become a UK citizen or permanent resident?","o":["Treat others fairly","Look after the area you live in","Ignore the opinions of others","Leave your family to fend for itself"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Residents should treat others fairly and care for their local area and the environment. They should also respect other people's right to their own opinions and look after themselves and their family."},{"s":"responsibility-obey-the-law","c":1,"k":"single","q":"Which of these is a responsibility shared by everyone living in the UK?","o":["To respect and obey the law","To vote for the governing party","To attend a place of worship","To agree with the government's opinions"],"a":[0],"e":"Respecting and obeying the law is one of the responsibilities expected of all residents. In return, the UK offers freedoms such as freedom of belief and freedom of speech."},{"s":"freedom-from-unfair-discrimination","c":1,"k":"single","q":"Which of these freedoms does the UK offer to people who live here?","o":["Freedom from unfair discrimination","Freedom to choose which laws to follow","Freedom to treat others unfairly","Freedom from having to obey the law"],"a":[0],"e":"Freedom from unfair discrimination is one of the things the UK offers in return for residents meeting their responsibilities."},{"s":"responsibilities-shared-by-all-residents","c":1,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The responsibilities and freedoms that come from the UK's fundamental principles apply only to British citizens, not to other residents.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"These responsibilities and freedoms are shared by everyone living in the UK, and all residents are expected to respect them."},{"s":"freedom-of-belief-and-religion","c":1,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Freedom of belief and religion is offered in the UK","Everyone in the UK must follow the same religion"],"a":[0],"e":"Freedom of belief and religion is one of the freedoms the UK offers. Tolerance of different faiths and beliefs is also a fundamental principle."},{"s":"right-to-a-fair-trial","c":1,"k":"single","q":"Which of these rights does the UK offer to the people who live here?","o":["A right to be tried fairly","A right to ignore laws you disagree with","A right to treat others unfairly","A right to silence other people's opinions"],"a":[0],"e":"A fair trial is one of the rights the UK offers, together with the right to take part in electing a government and freedom of speech."},{"s":"countries-that-make-up-uk","c":2,"k":"single","q":"Which countries make up the United Kingdom?","o":["England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland","England, Scotland and Wales","England, Scotland, Wales and the whole of Ireland","England, Wales and Northern Ireland"],"a":[0],"e":"Four countries form the UK: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Ireland outside Northern Ireland is a separate, independent state."},{"s":"official-name-of-the-uk","c":2,"k":"single","q":"What is the country's official name?","o":["The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","The United Kingdom of England, Scotland and Wales","The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","The United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Channel Islands"],"a":[0],"e":"The full official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, because the UK includes Northern Ireland as well as Great Britain."},{"s":"great-britain-meaning","c":2,"k":"single","q":"Which countries does the name 'Great Britain' refer to?","o":["England, Scotland and Wales","England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland","England and Wales only","England, Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man"],"a":[0],"e":"'Great Britain' means only England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland is part of the UK but not of Great Britain."},{"s":"northern-ireland-not-great-britain","c":2,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Great Britain covers only England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, but not of Great Britain."},{"s":"northern-ireland-part-of-uk","c":2,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the UK, with England, Scotland and Wales. The rest of the island of Ireland is a separate, independent state."},{"s":"rest-of-ireland-independent","c":2,"k":"single","q":"What is the status of the rest of Ireland, outside Northern Ireland?","o":["An independent country","A Crown dependency","A British overseas territory","Part of Great Britain"],"a":[0],"e":"Only Northern Ireland belongs to the UK. The rest of the island of Ireland is a separate, independent state."},{"s":"crown-dependencies-examples","c":2,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are Crown dependencies?","o":["The Channel Islands","The Isle of Man","The Falkland Islands","St Helena"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies. St Helena and the Falkland Islands are British overseas territories."},{"s":"isle-of-man-not-in-uk","c":2,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Isle of Man is part of the United Kingdom.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The Isle of Man has close links with the UK but does not belong to it. Like the Channel Islands, it is a Crown dependency with its own government."},{"s":"channel-islands-isle-of-man-name","c":2,"k":"single","q":"What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man called?","o":["Crown dependencies","British overseas territories","Devolved nations","Counties of England"],"a":[0],"e":"These islands are known as Crown dependencies. They have close links with the UK but do not belong to it."},{"s":"crown-dependencies-own-governments","c":2,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["The Crown dependencies have their own governments","The Crown dependencies are governed only from Westminster"],"a":[0],"e":"Both the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have a government of their own. They are linked with the UK but do not belong to it."},{"s":"overseas-territories-status","c":2,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about British overseas territories are correct?","o":["They are linked to the UK","They are not part of the UK","They are part of Great Britain","They are all in the seas close to the UK"],"a":[0,1],"e":"British overseas territories, for example St Helena and the Falkland Islands, are in other parts of the world. They have links with the UK but do not belong to it."},{"s":"st-helena-overseas-territory","c":2,"k":"single","q":"Which of these is a British overseas territory?","o":["St Helena","The Isle of Man","The Channel Islands","Northern Ireland"],"a":[0],"e":"St Helena is a British overseas territory, like the Falkland Islands. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are Crown dependencies, and Northern Ireland is part of the UK."},{"s":"uk-parliament-westminster","c":2,"k":"single","q":"Where does the parliament that governs the UK sit?","o":["Westminster","Edinburgh","Cardiff","Belfast"],"a":[0],"e":"The parliament at Westminster governs the UK. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have their own parliament or assembly as well."},{"s":"devolved-parliaments-and-assemblies","c":2,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: As well as the UK Parliament, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have a parliament or assembly with devolved powers in certain areas.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Alongside the parliament at Westminster, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own parliaments or assemblies, which hold powers passed down to them in defined areas."},{"s":"countries-in-great-britain","c":2,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are part of Great Britain?","o":["Scotland","Wales","Northern Ireland","The Isle of Man"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Great Britain is England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland is in the UK but not in Great Britain, and the Isle of Man is not part of the UK at all."},{"s":"britain-separated-from-continent-when","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Roughly how long ago did the Channel finally cut Britain off from the continent for good?","o":["About 4,000 years ago","About 6,000 years ago","About 10,000 years ago","About 2,000 years ago"],"a":[2],"e":"Across much of the Stone Age, land joined Britain to the continent. The Channel split them for good only about 10,000 years ago."},{"s":"stone-age-land-bridge-to-continent","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Through much of the Stone Age, people could walk between Britain and the continent over a land bridge.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The first people in Britain were hunter-gatherers. They moved back and forth over a land bridge, following the deer and horses they hunted."},{"s":"first-farmers-arrived-in-britain","c":3,"k":"single","q":"When did the first farmers arrive in Britain?","o":["About 6,000 years ago","About 10,000 years ago","About 4,000 years ago","About 1,000 years ago"],"a":[0],"e":"Farming reached Britain roughly 6,000 years back. These farmers' ancestors most likely came from south-east Europe, and they built houses, tombs and monuments."},{"s":"stonehenge-english-county","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which English county does Stonehenge stand?","o":["Dorset","Wiltshire","Suffolk","Kent"],"a":[1],"e":"Stonehenge, built by early farmers in the Stone Age, is in Wiltshire. It was probably a meeting place for ceremonies held at certain seasons."},{"s":"skara-brae-prehistoric-village-location","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Where is Skara Brae, northern Europe's best-preserved village from prehistoric times?","o":["Iona","Wiltshire","Orkney","Dorset"],"a":[2],"e":"Skara Brae is on Orkney, off Scotland's north coast. It has taught archaeologists a lot about how people lived late in the Stone Age."},{"s":"bronze-age-round-barrows","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In the Bronze Age, what were the tombs used to bury the dead called?","o":["Hill forts","Round barrows","Roundhouses","Ship burials"],"a":[1],"e":"Bronze-making began roughly 4,000 years ago. Bronze Age people had roundhouses as homes and put their dead in tombs known as round barrows."},{"s":"maiden-castle-hill-fort-county","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Maiden Castle, an impressive Iron Age hill fort that can still be visited, is in which English county?","o":["Wiltshire","Suffolk","Dorset","Kent"],"a":[2],"e":"Some Iron Age people lived in defended hill forts. A striking example, Maiden Castle, survives in Dorset."},{"s":"iron-age-life-and-language","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements describe people in Britain during the Iron Age?","o":["They spoke a language from the Celtic family","Some lived in defended sites called hill forts","They built Stonehenge","They formed the first Christian communities in Britain"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Iron Age people spoke a Celtic language and some lived in hill forts. Stonehenge dates from the Stone Age, and Christian communities first appeared in Roman times."},{"s":"first-coins-minted-in-britain","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The first coins made in Britain were minted during the Bronze Age.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The first coins minted in Britain came from the Iron Age, and some bore the names of kings of that time. This is seen as the start of British history."},{"s":"claudius-roman-invasion-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Emperor Claudius lead the Roman invasion that succeeded in occupying most of Britain?","o":["55 BC","AD 43","AD 410","AD 789"],"a":[1],"e":"Julius Caesar's invasion in 55 BC failed. In AD 43 Claudius invaded again and, despite resistance from some tribes, the Romans took almost all of Britain."},{"s":"boudicca-queen-of-which-tribe","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Boudicca, a tribal leader who resisted the Romans, was queen of which tribe?","o":["The Picts","The Iceni","The Angles","The Jutes"],"a":[1],"e":"Boudicca led the Iceni, whose land lay in today's eastern England. A statue of her stands on Westminster Bridge, close to the Houses of Parliament."},{"s":"hadrians-wall-built-to-keep-out","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which people was Hadrian's Wall, in northern England, built to keep out?","o":["The Vikings","The Saxons","The Picts","The Normans"],"a":[2],"e":"The Romans never conquered parts of what is now Scotland. Hadrian's Wall was meant to keep out the Picts, who were ancestors of the Scottish people."},{"s":"hadrians-wall-forts-still-visible","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO forts on Hadrian's Wall can still be seen today?","o":["Housesteads","Vindolanda","Maiden Castle","Skara Brae"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The wall included several forts, and Housesteads and Vindolanda survive. Hadrian's Wall is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and popular with walkers."},{"s":"what-the-romans-did-in-britain","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these did the Romans do during their time in Britain?","o":["Built roads and public buildings","Introduced new plants and animals","Compiled the Domesday Book","Founded the monastery on Iona"],"a":[0,1],"e":"In their 400 years in Britain the Romans built roads and public buildings, set up a structure of law and brought new plants and animals."},{"s":"first-christian-communities-in-britain","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Christian communities first formed in Britain in the 3rd and 4th centuries, during Roman rule.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The Romans stayed in Britain for 400 years. The earliest Christian communities there appeared in the 3rd and 4th centuries, within that period."},{"s":"roman-army-left-britain-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Roman army leave Britain, never to come back?","o":["AD 43","AD 410","AD 600","AD 789"],"a":[1],"e":"The Roman army left in AD 410, needed to protect other areas of the empire. Tribes from northern Europe then invaded Britain."},{"s":"tribes-invading-after-romans","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these tribes from northern Europe invaded Britain after the Romans left?","o":["The Angles","The Saxons","The Picts","The Iceni"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes invaded after AD 410, and their languages are the basis of modern English. The Picts and the Iceni were already in Britain."},{"s":"sutton-hoo-ship-burial-county","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Sutton Hoo, where an Anglo-Saxon king was buried in a ship with treasure and armour, is in which modern county?","o":["Suffolk","Wiltshire","Dorset","Kent"],"a":[0],"e":"At Sutton Hoo in Suffolk, a king was laid in a ship with his treasure and armour, and the ship was then covered with an earth mound."},{"s":"st-patrick-patron-saint","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: St Patrick, one of the missionaries from Ireland, became the patron saint of Scotland.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"St Patrick became the patron saint of Ireland. Another missionary from Ireland, St Columba, set up a monastery on Iona."},{"s":"first-archbishop-of-canterbury","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who was the first person to hold the post of Archbishop of Canterbury?","o":["St Patrick","St Columba","St Augustine","King Alfred the Great"],"a":[2],"e":"Missionaries from Rome, led by St Augustine, took Christianity to southern Britain. Augustine was the first to be Archbishop of Canterbury."},{"s":"vikings-first-visited-britain","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Vikings first come to Britain to raid coastal towns?","o":["AD 410","AD 600","AD 789","AD 1066"],"a":[2],"e":"Vikings from Denmark and Norway first raided Britain in AD 789, taking goods and slaves. Later they stayed and set up communities."},{"s":"king-who-defeated-the-vikings","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which king united England's Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and defeated the Vikings?","o":["Cnut","Alfred the Great","Harold","Kenneth MacAlpin"],"a":[1],"e":"The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms joined together under Alfred the Great, who beat the Vikings. Later England briefly had Danish kings, the first being Cnut."},{"s":"danelaw-viking-settlement-area","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Many Vikings settled in northern and eastern England, in the area called the Danelaw.","Many Vikings settled in south-west England, in the area called the Pale."],"a":[0],"e":"Many Viking invaders stayed in the Danelaw, in England's east and north. Local place names like Grimsby and Scunthorpe have Viking origins."},{"s":"kenneth-macalpin-united-scotland","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Fear of Viking attacks led people in the north to join together under King Kenneth MacAlpin.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The Viking threat pushed people in the north to join under Kenneth MacAlpin. Around then the name Scotland came into use for that country."},{"s":"battle-of-hastings-defeated-king","c":3,"k":"single","q":"At the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, defeated which Saxon king?","o":["Alfred","Cnut","Harold","Kenneth MacAlpin"],"a":[2],"e":"Harold died in the battle and William took the throne, becoming William the Conqueror. The Bayeux Tapestry, still on show in France, records the battle."},{"s":"norman-conquest-effects","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the Norman Conquest are true?","o":["Norman French influenced the English language","The Welsh slowly won back land from the Normans","William came from what is now northern Germany","William was the Saxon king of England before 1066"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Norman French, spoken by the new rulers, shaped modern English. Wales was conquered at first but the Welsh regained territory. William came from Normandy, in today's northern France."},{"s":"normans-invaded-scotland","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After 1066 the Normans invaded and conquered Scotland.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Normans and Scots clashed along the border, and the Normans gained some border land, but they never invaded Scotland."},{"s":"domesday-book-what-it-was","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: William's survey listing England's towns, villages, landowners and animals was called the Bayeux Tapestry.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"That survey was the Domesday Book, which still exists and shows English society just after the Conquest. The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidery of the Battle of Hastings."},{"s":"middle-ages-end-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"The Middle Ages run from the Norman Conquest up to about which year?","o":["1215","1348","1415","1485"],"a":[3],"e":"The Middle Ages, also called the medieval period, cover the years from the Norman Conquest to about 1485, a time of nearly constant war."},{"s":"statute-of-rhuddlan-king","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which king introduced the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, which annexed Wales to the English Crown?","o":["John","Edward I","Henry V","Richard III"],"a":[1],"e":"Edward I's Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284 annexed Wales. The last Welsh rebellions were crushed by the mid-15th century, and English laws and language came in."},{"s":"castles-built-in-wales","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO huge castles were built in Wales to keep English power there?","o":["Conwy","Caernarvon","Windsor","Edinburgh"],"a":[0,1],"e":"After Wales was annexed, the English built huge castles such as Conwy and Caernarvon to hold their power. Windsor and Edinburgh are castles still in use today."},{"s":"battle-of-bannockburn-leader","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who led the Scots to victory over the English at Bannockburn in 1314?","o":["Kenneth MacAlpin","Robert the Bruce","John Barbour","Henry Tudor"],"a":[1],"e":"Robert the Bruce led the Scottish victory at Bannockburn in 1314, so Scotland was not conquered by the English."},{"s":"the-pale-around-which-city","c":3,"k":"single","q":"By 1200 the English controlled the Pale, an area of Ireland. Which city was it around?","o":["Dublin","Edinburgh","York","Canterbury"],"a":[0],"e":"English troops first came to Ireland to help the Irish king, then stayed and built settlements. By 1200 they controlled the Pale, the area around Dublin."},{"s":"crusades-fought-for-control-of","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Many knights joined the Crusades. What were European Christians fighting to control in these wars?","o":["The Holy Land","Normandy","The Pale","Wales"],"a":[0],"e":"In the Crusades, Christians from Europe fought to win the Holy Land, and many knights took part."},{"s":"hundred-years-war-length","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Hundred Years War between England and France lasted exactly 100 years.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Despite its name, the Hundred Years War actually went on for 116 years. The English finally left France in the 1450s."},{"s":"battle-of-agincourt-king","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which king led the heavily outnumbered English army that beat the French at Agincourt in 1415?","o":["Edward I","Henry V","Henry VII","Richard III"],"a":[1],"e":"Agincourt, in 1415, is one of the best-remembered battles of the long war with France. Henry V's much smaller army defeated the French."},{"s":"norman-land-ownership-system","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was the system of land ownership used by the Normans called?","o":["Common law","Feudalism","Precedence","Codification"],"a":[1],"e":"Under feudalism the king handed land to lords, who had to help him fight. In northern Scotland and Ireland, land was held by members of clans (prominent families)."},{"s":"serfs-could-not-move-away","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Under feudalism, serfs were free to leave their lord's land whenever they wished.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Most peasants were serfs. They farmed a small plot belonging to the lord, worked for him in exchange and were not allowed to leave."},{"s":"black-death-arrival-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Black Death come to Britain?","o":["1284","1314","1348","1455"],"a":[2],"e":"The Black Death, a disease that was probably a type of plague, reached Britain in 1348. It was among the worst disasters Britain has ever suffered."},{"s":"black-death-death-toll-england","c":3,"k":"single","q":"About what share of England's population died in the Black Death?","o":["One tenth","One quarter","One third","One half"],"a":[2],"e":"One in three people in England died, and Scotland and Wales lost a similar share of their people."},{"s":"after-the-black-death-changes","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO changes followed the Black Death?","o":["Workers were scarce and peasants asked for higher wages","New social classes appeared, including the gentry","Far more cereal crops had to be grown","People left the towns to live in the countryside"],"a":[0,1],"e":"With fewer people, fewer cereal crops were needed and workers were scarce, so peasants pushed for better pay. New classes such as the gentry arose, and people moved from the countryside into towns."},{"s":"black-death-in-ireland-pale","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Because the Black Death caused many deaths in the Pale, the part of Ireland under English control shrank for a time.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The disease hit the Pale hard, and for a while the part of Ireland run by the English became smaller."},{"s":"magna-carta-king-and-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which king was forced by his noblemen in 1215 to agree to the Magna Carta?","o":["John","Edward I","Henry V","Richard III"],"a":[0],"e":"Before 1215 there were few formal limits on royal power. That year King John had to accept the Magna Carta, meaning the Great Charter."},{"s":"magna-carta-king-subject-to-law","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Magna Carta set out the principle that the king, too, had to obey the law.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The Magna Carta protected the nobles' rights and limited the king's power to raise taxes or make and change laws, so he had to involve his noblemen."},{"s":"who-sat-in-house-of-lords","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO groups had seats in the House of Lords of the medieval English Parliament?","o":["Bishops","Great landowners","Knights","Wealthy people from towns"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Nobles, bishops and great landowners made up the Lords. Knights and rich townspeople were elected to the Commons, and only a few people could vote."},{"s":"scottish-parliament-estates","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Like the English Parliament, the medieval Scottish Parliament had two Houses.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Scotland's Parliament had three Houses, known as Estates: one each for the clergy, the lords and the commons."},{"s":"how-common-law-developed","c":3,"k":"single","q":"How did judges in medieval England develop 'common law'?","o":["By following earlier decisions and tradition","By writing every law down in a code","By asking the House of Lords to vote","By taking orders from the king"],"a":[0],"e":"English judges built common law through precedence, meaning following previous decisions, and tradition. The idea that judges are independent of government also began to take hold."},{"s":"scottish-laws-codified","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In medieval Scotland, the legal system developed so that laws were codified, or written down.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Scotland's legal system grew up a little differently from England's: its laws were codified, whereas English common law rested on precedence and tradition."},{"s":"anglo-saxon-origin-words","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these modern English words come from Anglo-Saxon?","o":["Apple","Cow","Park","Beauty"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Norman French and Anglo-Saxon merged into one English language. 'Apple', 'cow' and 'summer' come from Anglo-Saxon, while 'park' and 'beauty' come from Norman French."},{"s":"english-official-documents-by-1400","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: By 1400, official documents in England were still written only in Norman French.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"By 1400 official documents in England were being written in English, which had become the language preferred by the royal court and Parliament."},{"s":"canterbury-tales-author","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who wrote The Canterbury Tales, poems in English about pilgrims telling stories on their way to Canterbury?","o":["William Caxton","John Barbour","Geoffrey Chaucer","St Augustine"],"a":[2],"e":"Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in the years before 1400. The pilgrims in the poems tell each other stories as they travel."},{"s":"william-caxton-printing-press","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What is William Caxton known for?","o":["He was the first to print books on a press in England","He wrote The Bruce, a poem about Bannockburn","He built Lincoln Cathedral","He led the Scots at Bannockburn"],"a":[0],"e":"No one in England had printed books on a press before Caxton, and The Canterbury Tales was among the first books he printed."},{"s":"john-barbour-the-bruce","c":3,"k":"single","q":"John Barbour wrote The Bruce in the Scots language. Which event is it about?","o":["The Battle of Hastings","The Battle of Bannockburn","The Battle of Agincourt","The Battle of Bosworth Field"],"a":[1],"e":"Many Scots kept speaking Gaelic, while the Scots language was also developing. Poets wrote in Scots, among them John Barbour, whose The Bruce tells of Bannockburn."},{"s":"york-minster-stained-glass","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which building is a famous example of medieval stained glass telling stories of the Bible and Christian saints?","o":["York Minster","Windsor Castle","Conwy Castle","Edinburgh Castle"],"a":[0],"e":"Great cathedrals such as Lincoln Cathedral were built in the Middle Ages, and many had stained-glass windows. York Minster's glass is a famous example."},{"s":"medieval-english-export-wool","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which product became a very important English export in the Middle Ages?","o":["Wool","Glass","Gold","Iron"],"a":[0],"e":"England was a major trading nation in this period, and its wool was a very important product sold abroad."},{"s":"skilled-workers-from-abroad","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO correctly match skilled workers who came to medieval England with the country they came from?","o":["Weavers from France","Engineers from Germany","Glass manufacturers from Holland","Canal builders from Italy"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Skilled people came to trade and work. France sent weavers and Germany engineers, while Italy sent glass makers and Holland sent canal builders."},{"s":"wars-of-the-roses-start-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Wars of the Roses begin?","o":["1415","1455","1485","1348"],"a":[1],"e":"The civil war that began in 1455 was a fight over the English throne between supporters of two families, Lancaster and York."},{"s":"wars-of-the-roses-symbols","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Lancaster's symbol was a red rose and York's symbol was a white rose.","Lancaster's symbol was a white rose and York's symbol was a red rose."],"a":[0],"e":"The war took its name from the families' symbols: a red rose for Lancaster and a white rose for York."},{"s":"king-killed-at-bosworth-field","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which king died at Bosworth Field in 1485?","o":["Henry V","Henry VII","Richard III","Edward I"],"a":[2],"e":"Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses. Richard III, from the York side, died there, and Henry Tudor, leading Lancaster, took the throne as Henry VII."},{"s":"henry-vii-first-tudor-king","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Henry VII are true?","o":["He was the first Tudor king","He married Elizabeth of York","He led the York side","He was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Henry Tudor led the House of Lancaster and won at Bosworth. By marrying Elizabeth of York, King Richard's niece, he joined the two families, and the Tudor symbol put a white rose inside a red one."},{"s":"henry-vii-policy-after-wars-of-roses","c":3,"k":"single","q":"After winning the Wars of the Roses, what did Henry VII do to keep his throne safe?","o":["Built up central government and cut the power of the nobles","Handed more land and power to the great noble families","Broke away from the Church of Rome to rule the Church","Spent the monarchy's savings on long wars abroad"],"a":[0],"e":"Henry VII wanted peace and a secure crown, so he made the central administration stronger, weakened the nobles and saved money carefully. His son Henry VIII kept centralising power."},{"s":"henry-viii-first-wife-spanish-princess","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which wife of Henry VIII was a Spanish princess?","o":["Catherine of Aragon","Anne of Cleves","Catherine Parr","Jane Seymour"],"a":[0],"e":"Catherine of Aragon came from Spain. Of their children only Mary lived, and Henry later sought a divorce in the hope of a son with a new wife."},{"s":"anne-boleyn-mother-of-elizabeth","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of Henry VIII's wives was the mother of Elizabeth?","o":["Anne Boleyn","Jane Seymour","Catherine of Aragon","Catherine Howard"],"a":[0],"e":"Anne Boleyn, an Englishwoman, had one daughter with Henry: Elizabeth, who later became Queen Elizabeth I."},{"s":"why-henry-viii-founded-church-of-england","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Why did Henry VIII set up the Church of England?","o":["The Pope would not approve his divorce","The Pope wanted to crown a Spanish king","He wanted church services held only in Latin","Parliament ordered him to leave the Catholic Church"],"a":[0],"e":"Henry needed the Pope's agreement to divorce his first wife. When it was refused, he created the Church of England, where the king rather than the Pope chose bishops."},{"s":"reformation-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was the Reformation?","o":["A Europe-wide movement against the Pope's authority","A plan to bring England back to Catholicism","A rebellion of Irish chieftains against English law","A reform of the legal system in Wales"],"a":[0],"e":"The Reformation spread across Europe and challenged the authority, ideas and practices of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. Its followers, the Protestants, set up their own churches."},{"s":"wales-united-with-england-king","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In whose reign did the Act for the Government of Wales formally join Wales to England?","o":["Henry VIII","Henry VII","Edward VI","James I"],"a":[0],"e":"The Act came in Henry VIII's reign. Afterwards the Welsh had representatives in the House of Commons, and their legal system was reformed."},{"s":"book-of-common-prayer-edward-vi","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which monarch's reign was the Book of Common Prayer written for the Church of England?","o":["Edward VI","Mary I","Elizabeth I","Henry VII"],"a":[0],"e":"Edward VI, Henry VIII's son, was a strong Protestant. The Book of Common Prayer dates from his reign."},{"s":"why-mary-called-bloody-mary","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Why did Queen Mary, Henry VIII's daughter, become known as 'Bloody Mary'?","o":["She persecuted Protestants","She persecuted Roman Catholics","She started a civil war against Parliament","She led the fight against the Spanish Armada"],"a":[0],"e":"Mary, a devout Catholic, treated Protestants harshly. She reigned only a short time and was followed by her half-sister Elizabeth."},{"s":"spanish-armada-defeat-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the English defeat the Spanish Armada?","o":["1560","1588","1603","1642"],"a":[1],"e":"In 1588 England beat the Armada, a big fleet sent by Spain to conquer the country and bring back Catholicism. Elizabeth I was especially popular afterwards."},{"s":"drake-ship-golden-hind","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was the name of Sir Francis Drake's ship, one of the first ships to go all the way round the world?","o":["The Golden Hind","The Mary Rose","The Mayflower","The Armada"],"a":[0],"e":"Drake's Golden Hind circumnavigated the world. Drake also helped command the English against the Spanish Armada and is seen as a founder of England's naval tradition."},{"s":"globe-theatre-london-what-is-it","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What is the Globe Theatre in London?","o":["A modern copy of an early Shakespeare theatre","The original theatre where Hamlet was first staged","The house where Shakespeare was born","A theatre designed by Sir Christopher Wren"],"a":[0],"e":"The Globe is a present-day reconstruction of the theatres used for Shakespeare's first performances. His works are still staged and studied in many countries."},{"s":"elizabeth-i-heir-james-vi","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who inherited the English throne when Elizabeth I died in 1603?","o":["James VI of Scotland","Charles I","Mary, Queen of Scots","Edward VI"],"a":[0],"e":"Elizabeth never married and had no children. The throne passed to her cousin, King James VI of Scotland, who then also ruled England, Wales and Ireland as James I."},{"s":"authorised-version-bible-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What is the 'Authorised Version'?","o":["The English Bible translated in James I's reign","The prayer book written in Edward VI's reign","The revised Prayer Book of Charles I","The first Bible ever written in English"],"a":[0],"e":"Also called the King James Version, it came after earlier English Bibles, but many Protestant churches still use it."},{"s":"ulster-plantations-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What were the 'plantations' in Ireland?","o":["Settlements of Scottish and English Protestants on land taken from Catholic landholders","Farms given to Irish Catholic chieftains as a reward for their loyalty to the king","Camps built around Dublin to hold Irish rebels captured in the rebellions","Lands handed back to Catholic families after the rebellions had ended"],"a":[0],"e":"The English government encouraged Protestants to move to Ulster in the north of Ireland. Many settlers were from south-west Scotland, and James later set up plantations elsewhere in Ireland too."},{"s":"divine-right-of-kings-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was the 'Divine Right of Kings'?","o":["The belief that God directly chose the king to rule","The belief that Parliament should choose the king","The right of every prisoner to a court hearing","The right of the Pope to appoint bishops"],"a":[0],"e":"James I and Charles I both held this belief and thought a king should not need Parliament's approval to act."},{"s":"english-civil-war-start-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did civil war break out between Charles I and Parliament?","o":["1640","1642","1646","1649"],"a":[1],"e":"War started in 1642, after Charles I failed to arrest five parliamentary leaders. Supporters of the king were called Cavaliers and those of Parliament Roundheads."},{"s":"charles-i-execution-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was Charles I executed?","o":["1642","1646","1649","1660"],"a":[2],"e":"Parliament had clearly won by 1646, but Charles, held as a prisoner, still refused to agree terms. He was executed in 1649."},{"s":"english-republic-name-commonwealth","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was England called when it became a republic after Charles I's death?","o":["The Commonwealth","The Restoration","The Glorious Revolution","The Plantation"],"a":[0],"e":"With no monarch, England was declared a republic named the Commonwealth. At first the army held control."},{"s":"cromwell-title-lord-protector","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What title was Oliver Cromwell given as leader of the new republic?","o":["Lord Protector","King of England","Prince of Wales","Archbishop of Canterbury"],"a":[0],"e":"Cromwell took the title Lord Protector after his Irish campaign and his victory at Worcester, and kept it until his death in 1658."},{"s":"charles-ii-exile-netherlands","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In May 1660 Parliament asked Charles II to come back. Where had he been living in exile?","o":["The Netherlands","Spain","Scotland","Ireland"],"a":[0],"e":"Charles II came back from the Netherlands and was crowned king of all four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland."},{"s":"st-pauls-cathedral-architect-wren","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who designed the new St Paul's Cathedral after the great fire of London?","o":["Sir Christopher Wren","Sir Isaac Newton","Samuel Pepys","Sir Edmund Halley"],"a":[0],"e":"The fire destroyed much of London, including St Paul's. The city was rebuilt with a new cathedral by the well-known architect Sir Christopher Wren."},{"s":"habeas-corpus-act-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Habeas Corpus Act become law?","o":["1660","1665","1679","1688"],"a":[2],"e":"The Act of 1679 made sure nobody could be held in prison unlawfully. Every prisoner has the right to a hearing in court."},{"s":"newton-principia-gravity","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did Isaac Newton's famous book Principia Mathematica show?","o":["How gravity works throughout the universe","How to sail right around the world","How the plague spread in London","How to translate the Bible into English"],"a":[0],"e":"Newton's best-known work explained gravity across the whole universe. He also found that white light contains all the colours of the rainbow."},{"s":"glorious-revolution-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did leading English Protestants invite William of Orange to invade England?","o":["1660","1679","1688","1690"],"a":[2],"e":"In 1688 William, a Protestant married to James II's daughter Mary, was asked to come and claim the throne. He met no resistance and James fled to France."},{"s":"battle-of-boyne-william-defeats-james","c":3,"k":"single","q":"At which battle in Ireland did William III defeat James II in 1690?","o":["The Battle of the Boyne","The Battle of Naseby","The Battle of Marston Moor","The Battle of Worcester"],"a":[0],"e":"James invaded Ireland with French help to win back the crown, but William beat him at the Boyne and James went back to France."},{"s":"jacobites-supporters-of-james-ii","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What were the supporters of James II, who still saw him as the rightful king, called?","o":["Jacobites","Cavaliers","Roundheads","Puritans"],"a":[0],"e":"Some people, especially in Scotland, kept backing James after he lost the throne. Some joined him in France; these supporters were known as Jacobites."},{"s":"church-of-scotland-not-state-church","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Unlike the Church of England, the Protestant Church of Scotland was not a state Church","Like the Church of England, the Protestant Church of Scotland was a state Church"],"a":[0],"e":"In 1560 the Scottish Parliament ended the Pope's authority in Scotland. The new Church of Scotland, unlike the Church of England, was not a state Church."},{"s":"shakespeare-showed-ordinary-people","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Shakespeare was one of the first writers to show ordinary English men and women","Shakespeare wrote only about kings and queens"],"a":[0],"e":"He dramatised important events from history but did not limit himself to royalty. He also invented many words still in common use."},{"s":"scotland-separate-under-james-i","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["When James VI of Scotland became King of England, Scotland stayed a separate country","When James VI of Scotland became King of England, Scotland and England became one country"],"a":[0],"e":"In 1603 James VI also became king of England, Wales and Ireland, yet Scotland kept its separate status."},{"s":"anne-boleyn-executed-tower-of-london","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Anne Boleyn was put to death at the Tower of London.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Anne Boleyn was unpopular and faced accusations of having lovers. Her execution took place at the Tower of London."},{"s":"catherine-howard-cousin-of-anne-boleyn","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Catherine Howard, one of Henry VIII's wives, was a cousin of Jane Seymour.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Catherine Howard was related to Anne Boleyn as her cousin, not to Jane Seymour. Like Anne, she was accused of having lovers and executed."},{"s":"church-of-england-king-appoints-bishops","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In Henry VIII's new Church of England, the Pope still had the power to appoint bishops.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"In the Church of England it was the king, not the Pope, who appointed bishops and decided how people should worship."},{"s":"edward-vi-died-aged-15","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Edward VI died when he was only 15 years old.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Edward VI, a strong Protestant, died aged 15 after a reign of just over six years. His half-sister Mary then took the throne."},{"s":"elizabeth-i-did-not-ask-real-beliefs","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Elizabeth I did not question people about what they really believed in religion.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Everyone had to go to their local church and follow set services, but the queen did not enquire into private beliefs. This balance helped her avoid serious religious conflict in England."},{"s":"mary-queen-of-scots-queen-at-one-week","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Mary, Queen of Scots became queen at just one week old.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Her father died when she was a week old, so she became queen as a baby. She spent much of her childhood in France."},{"s":"drake-commander-against-armada","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Sir Francis Drake was one of the commanders when the Spanish Armada was defeated.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Drake helped lead the English against the Armada and is regarded as helping to found England's naval tradition."},{"s":"henry-viii-title-king-of-ireland","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Henry VIII took the title 'King of Ireland'.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Henry VII and Henry VIII spread English control beyond the Pale to the whole of Ireland, and Henry VIII called himself King of Ireland."},{"s":"roundheads-supported-parliament","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the civil war, the Roundheads were the supporters of the king.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The Roundheads backed Parliament. The king's supporters were called the Cavaliers."},{"s":"charles-ii-hid-in-oak-tree","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After the Battle of Worcester, Charles II escaped and once hid in an oak tree.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Cromwell beat Charles II's Scottish army at Worcester. Charles got away, at one point famously hiding up an oak tree, and later fled to Europe."},{"s":"richard-cromwell-could-not-control-army","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Richard Cromwell, who followed his father as Lord Protector, kept firm control of the army and the government.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Richard failed to keep the army and government under control. With Oliver gone there was no clear leadership, and people started to talk about having a king again."},{"s":"habeas-corpus-latin-meaning","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: 'Habeas corpus' is Latin meaning that the person must be brought before a court.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 meant no one could be kept in prison unlawfully; every prisoner is entitled to a hearing in court."},{"s":"newton-white-light-rainbow-colours","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Isaac Newton discovered that white light consists of all the colours of the rainbow.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Newton, born in Lincolnshire and drawn to science at Cambridge, discovered this about light. He is also known for his work on gravity."},{"s":"glencoe-macdonalds-late-oath","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The MacDonalds of Glencoe were killed because they took the oath accepting William as king too late.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"All Scottish clans had to take an oath accepting William. The MacDonalds of Glencoe swore it late and were all killed, and the massacre made some Scots distrust the new government."},{"s":"henry-viii-wives-executed","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO wives of Henry VIII were executed?","o":["Anne Boleyn","Catherine Howard","Jane Seymour","Catherine Parr"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Anne Boleyn and her cousin Catherine Howard both faced accusations of having lovers and were put to death. Jane Seymour died soon after giving birth, and Catherine Parr outlived Henry."},{"s":"protestant-beliefs-reformation","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO describe what Protestants believed or did during the Reformation?","o":["They used Bibles in their own languages, not Latin","They put each person's own bond with God above obeying the Church","They prayed to saints and at shrines","They held that the Pope should appoint all bishops"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Protestants rejected the Pope's authority, read the Bible in their own language and stopped praying to saints or at shrines. A person's own relationship with God mattered more to them than obeying the Church."},{"s":"edward-vi-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Edward VI are correct?","o":["He was strongly Protestant","The Book of Common Prayer dates from his reign","He was the son of Anne Boleyn","He ruled for more than 20 years"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. He was a firm Protestant, his reign lasted just over six years, and the Book of Common Prayer comes from that time."},{"s":"shakespeare-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about William Shakespeare are correct?","o":["His birthplace was Stratford-upon-Avon","He was both a playwright and an actor","He wrote a diary about the great fire of London","London's Globe Theatre is the original building where he worked"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Shakespeare came from Stratford-upon-Avon and acted as well as writing plays and poems. The fire diary was written by Samuel Pepys, and today's Globe in London is a modern copy, not an original theatre."},{"s":"charles-i-defeats-marston-moor-naseby","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO battles saw Charles I's army defeated in the civil war?","o":["Marston Moor","Naseby","The Boyne","Killiecrankie"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The king's army lost at Marston Moor and Naseby, and by 1646 Parliament had clearly won. The Boyne and Killiecrankie came after the Glorious Revolution."},{"s":"cromwell-beat-charles-ii-dunbar-worcester","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO battles did Cromwell win against the Scottish army led by Charles II?","o":["Dunbar","Worcester","The Boyne","Killiecrankie"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Scots crowned Charles II and he marched into England, but Cromwell beat his army at Dunbar and Worcester. Parliament then controlled Scotland too."},{"s":"london-plague-and-fire-charles-ii","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO events took place in London during the reign of Charles II?","o":["A major outbreak of plague","A great fire that destroyed much of the city","England's victory over the Spanish Armada","The Battle of the Boyne"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Plague struck London in 1665, killing thousands, and a great fire followed the next year. Samuel Pepys described these events in his diary."},{"s":"royal-society-early-members","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO people were among the early members of the Royal Society?","o":["Sir Edmund Halley","Sir Isaac Newton","William Shakespeare","Sir Francis Drake"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Royal Society was set up under Charles II to promote 'natural knowledge'. Halley correctly forecast that the comet now named after him would come back."},{"s":"james-ii-actions-worried-people","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO things did James II do that worried people in England?","o":["He let Roman Catholics become army officers","He arrested some Church of England bishops","He made the Church of England the official Church again","He passed the Habeas Corpus Act"],"a":[0,1],"e":"James II, a Catholic, let Catholics serve as army officers although an Act of Parliament banned it, and did not try to agree with Parliament. People feared he wanted England to be Catholic again."},{"s":"glorious-revolution-name-reasons","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO reasons explain why the events of 1688 were called the 'Glorious Revolution'?","o":["England saw no fighting","It secured Parliament's power","It brought a Catholic king to the throne","It made England a republic"],"a":[0,1],"e":"William took the throne without resistance in England, and the change ended the danger of a monarch ruling alone just as he or she pleased."},{"s":"charles-i-steps-toward-civil-war","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO actions of Charles I helped lead to the civil war?","o":["He tried to force a revised Prayer Book on Scotland's Presbyterian Church","He entered the House of Commons to arrest five parliamentary leaders","He agreed to hand Parliament control of the English army","He gave the Puritans the simple style of worship they wanted"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Prayer Book caused serious unrest in Scotland. Later Charles failed to arrest five leaders in the Commons, who had been warned, and war could no longer be avoided."},{"s":"bill-of-rights-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Bill of Rights passed, setting out Parliament's rights and the limits on the king's power?","o":["1689","1707","1714","1745"],"a":[0],"e":"The Bill of Rights came in 1689, after William and Mary took the throne. From then on the balance of power between the monarch and Parliament was changed for good."},{"s":"bill-of-rights-protestant-monarch","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Under the Bill of Rights, the king or queen had to be a Protestant.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Parliament now decided who could take the throne, and it ruled that the monarch must be Protestant."},{"s":"bill-of-rights-new-rules","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO rules about Parliament and the monarch were set after William and Mary came to the throne?","o":["Elections for a new Parliament were required at least every three years","Funding for the army and navy needed Parliament's approval every year","Elections for a new Parliament were required at least every ten years","Taxes could be raised by the monarch without Parliament's agreement"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Parliament now had to be elected at least once every three years, and the monarch needed its approval each year for army and navy funding. Taxes also needed Parliament's agreement."},{"s":"whigs-and-tories-parliament","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What were the two main groups in Parliament called after the Glorious Revolution, at the beginning of party politics?","o":["The Whigs and the Tories","The Chartists and the Fenians","The Jacobites and the Huguenots","The Quakers and the Boers"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch needed ministers who could win a majority in both Houses, and two groups formed, the Whigs and the Tories. Today's Conservative Party is still sometimes called the Tories."},{"s":"newspapers-without-licence-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"From which year were newspapers allowed to be published without a licence from the government?","o":["1695","1689","1707","1721"],"a":[0],"e":"From 1695 newspapers no longer needed a government licence, and more and more of them appeared. This was an important step towards a free press."},{"s":"women-vote-after-glorious-revolution","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After the Glorious Revolution, women who owned enough property were allowed to vote.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"No women could vote at all. Only men owning property of a certain value had the vote, so it was far from a modern democracy."},{"s":"pocket-borough-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was a 'pocket borough'?","o":["A constituency in the hands of one rich family","A constituency with hardly any voters","A small farm in the Scottish Highlands","A new parliamentary seat given to a growing town"],"a":[0],"e":"Some constituencies were in the hands of one rich family and were called pocket boroughs. Those with almost no voters were called rotten boroughs."},{"s":"first-jews-london-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Jewish people settle in London, the first to arrive in Britain since the Middle Ages?","o":["1656","1689","1707","1745"],"a":[0],"e":"Jewish settlers arrived in London in 1656, the first since the Middle Ages. At this time many people also left Britain for new colonies in America."},{"s":"huguenots-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the Huguenots are correct?","o":["They were Protestants who had suffered persecution because of their faith","Many were skilled and worked in science, banking or weaving","They came to Britain from the Netherlands","They arrived in Britain between 1870 and 1914"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Huguenots were Protestant refugees from France who came between 1680 and 1720. Many had a good education and became scientists or bankers, or worked in crafts such as weaving."},{"s":"act-of-union-1707-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Act of Union agreed, joining Scotland with England and Wales to form the Kingdom of Great Britain?","o":["1707","1689","1714","1801"],"a":[0],"e":"The Act of Union of 1707 joined Scotland with England and Wales as the Kingdom of Great Britain. It followed uncertainty over who would succeed Queen Anne."},{"s":"scotland-kept-own-legal-system","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After the Act of Union in 1707, Scotland kept its own legal system and its own education system.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Scotland stopped being an independent country, but it kept its own legal system, its own education system and its Presbyterian Church."},{"s":"george-i-chosen-king-reason","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Why did Parliament pick George I as king after the death of Queen Anne in 1714?","o":["He was the closest Protestant relative of Anne","He was the eldest son of Anne","He spoke excellent English","He had won the Battle of Culloden"],"a":[0],"e":"George I was German and was picked because he was Anne's closest Protestant relative. His English was poor, so he relied more on his ministers."},{"s":"first-prime-minister-walpole","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister?","o":["Sir Robert Walpole","The Duke of Wellington","William Wilberforce","Charles Stuart Parnell"],"a":[0],"e":"The leading minister in Parliament came to be known as the Prime Minister. Sir Robert Walpole was the first, holding the post from 1721 to 1742."},{"s":"battle-of-culloden-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did George II's army beat Bonnie Prince Charlie at the Battle of Culloden?","o":["1746","1707","1714","1805"],"a":[0],"e":"Charles Edward Stuart landed in Scotland in 1745 and won some early successes. His army was beaten at Culloden in 1746, and he fled back to Europe."},{"s":"bonnie-prince-charlie-rebellion","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the rebellion led by Bonnie Prince Charlie are correct?","o":["Clansmen from the Scottish highlands supported him","After his defeat he escaped back to Europe","He won the Battle of Culloden","He tried to take the throne from Queen Anne"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Charles, a grandson of James II, raised an army of highland clansmen in 1745 to replace George II. He lost at Culloden in 1746 and fled to Europe."},{"s":"highland-clearances-crofts","c":3,"k":"single","q":"During the Highland Clearances, many landlords destroyed small farms. What were these farms called?","o":["Crofts","Clans","Pocket boroughs","Cottage industries"],"a":[0],"e":"Landlords knocked down many crofts to free the land for sheep and cattle. Evictions were frequent in the early 1800s, and many Scots left for North America."},{"s":"robert-burns-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Robert Burns are correct?","o":["He was a Scottish poet, called 'The Bard' in Scotland","He changed or added lyrics to many traditional folk songs","He won the Nobel Prize in Literature","He wrote The Jungle Book"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Burns wrote in Scots and in English and reworked many folk songs. His best-known work is probably Auld Lang Syne, sung at New Year. The Nobel Prize and The Jungle Book belong to Kipling."},{"s":"enlightenment-smith-hume","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements about thinkers of the Enlightenment is correct?","o":["Adam Smith worked out ideas about economics","David Hume worked out ideas about steam power"],"a":[0],"e":"Adam Smith's ideas on economics are still referred to today. David Hume wrote about human nature; steam power was James Watt's work."},{"s":"enlightenment-thinkers-scottish","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Many of the leading thinkers of the 18th-century Enlightenment came from Scotland.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Many of the great Enlightenment thinkers were Scottish, such as Adam Smith, who wrote about economics, and David Hume, who wrote about human nature."},{"s":"britain-first-to-industrialise","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Britain was the first country where industry developed on a large scale.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Britain led the way. Its Industrial Revolution, across the 1700s and 1800s, came from new machinery and steam power. Before it, farming was Britain's largest employer."},{"s":"bessemer-process-purpose","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did the Bessemer process make possible?","o":["The mass production of steel","Carding fibres for spinning","Mapping the coast of Australia","Powering horse-driven spinning mills"],"a":[0],"e":"Producing steel in large amounts helped the growth of shipbuilding and the railways. Manufacturing then became the main source of jobs in Britain."},{"s":"arkwright-original-job","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did Richard Arkwright first train and work as?","o":["A barber","An engineer","A sailor","A banker"],"a":[0],"e":"Arkwright worked as a barber who could dye hair and make wigs, but when wigs went out of fashion he moved into textiles."},{"s":"arkwright-achievements","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Richard Arkwright are correct?","o":["He improved the original carding machine","He created spinning mills powered by horses, using a single machine","He built the Great Western Railway","He developed the Bessemer process"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Arkwright improved carding, which prepares fibres to be spun, and made spinning more efficient. He later used the steam engine to drive his machines."},{"s":"arkwright-remembered-for-canals","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Richard Arkwright is mainly remembered for building canals.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Arkwright is remembered for running his factories in an efficient and profitable way. Canals were built in this period to link factories with towns and ports."},{"s":"industrial-revolution-worker-protection","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: During the Industrial Revolution, the law gave workers and children protection from long hours in dangerous places.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"No law protected employees at that time. Children worked too and were treated like adults, sometimes even more harshly."},{"s":"captain-cook-mapped-coast","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Captain James Cook mapped the coast of which land, where a few British colonies were then set up?","o":["Australia","Canada","India","Southern Africa"],"a":[0],"e":"Cook mapped Australia's coast and some colonies followed. In the same period Britain took control of Canada, while the East India Company came to control much of India."},{"s":"goods-from-india-indonesia","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO goods did Britain import from India and the area now called Indonesia?","o":["Tea","Spices","Sugar","Tobacco"],"a":[0,1],"e":"India and today's Indonesia supplied textiles, tea and spices, while sugar and tobacco were brought from the West Indies and North America."},{"s":"sake-dean-mahomet-curry-house","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did Sake Dean Mahomet open in George Street, London, in 1810?","o":["The first curry house in Britain","The first nursing school in Britain","The first newspaper in Britain","The first railway station in Britain"],"a":[0],"e":"His Hindoostane Coffee House was Britain's first curry house. With his wife he also brought 'shampooing', an Indian head massage, to Britain."},{"s":"slavery-legal-within-britain","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the 18th century, slavery was legal within Britain itself.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Slavery was against the law inside Britain, but the overseas slave trade was a fully established industry dominated by Britain and its American colonies."},{"s":"slaves-came-from-region","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Where did most of the slaves carried on British ships come from?","o":["West Africa","India","East Africa","Southern Africa"],"a":[0],"e":"Slaves were mainly taken from West Africa to America and the Caribbean and forced to labour on sugar and tobacco plantations."},{"s":"quakers-first-anti-slavery-groups","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Quakers formed the earliest formal groups opposing slavery.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"In the late 1700s Quakers formed the first organised groups against slavery and asked Parliament to ban it."},{"s":"wilberforce-anti-slavery-mp","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which evangelical Christian and member of Parliament helped change the law and win public support against the slave trade?","o":["William Wilberforce","Sir Robert Walpole","Charles Stuart Parnell","Isambard Kingdom Brunel"],"a":[0],"e":"Wilberforce and other abolitionists won the public over. From 1807 slave trading was banned on British ships and in British ports."},{"s":"emancipation-act-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Emancipation Act abolish slavery throughout the British Empire?","o":["1833","1807","1776","1846"],"a":[0],"e":"The slave trade in British ships was banned in 1807, and slavery itself was ended across the Empire in 1833. After that, 2 million workers from India and China were taken on in place of the freed slaves."},{"s":"no-taxation-without-representation","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did the American colonists say when Britain tried to tax them?","o":["No taxation without representation","Votes for women","Home Rule for the colonies","Free trade for all"],"a":[0],"e":"The colonists felt the taxes threatened their liberty because they had no representatives in the British Parliament."},{"s":"american-colonies-independence-1776","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did 13 American colonies declare their independence?","o":["1776","1783","1760","1789"],"a":[0],"e":"The colonies declared independence in 1776. After the colonists defeated the British army, Britain recognised their independence in 1783."},{"s":"nelson-killed-trafalgar","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Admiral Nelson was in command of Britain's ships at Trafalgar and died during the battle.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Britain won at Trafalgar in 1805 against the French and Spanish fleets. Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square remembers him, and his ship HMS Victory is in Portsmouth."},{"s":"duke-of-wellington-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the Duke of Wellington are correct?","o":["He defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815","He later became Prime Minister","He was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar","He was the first person to be called Prime Minister"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Wellington, known as the Iron Duke, ended the French Wars at Waterloo in 1815 and was later Prime Minister. Nelson died at Trafalgar; Walpole was the first Prime Minister."},{"s":"ireland-unified-uk-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Ireland join England, Scotland and Wales in a single United Kingdom?","o":["1801","1707","1606","1837"],"a":[0],"e":"Following an Act of Union passed in 1800, Ireland joined in 1801. Before that it had shared a monarch with England and Wales since the time of Henry VIII but was a separate country."},{"s":"union-flag-red-on-white","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO crosses on the Union Flag are red on a white background?","o":["The cross of St George","The cross of St Patrick","The cross of St Andrew","The cross of St David"],"a":[0,1],"e":"St George's cross (England) is red on white, and St Patrick's (Ireland) is red and diagonal on white. St Andrew's (Scotland) is white and diagonal on blue. Wales is not shown on the flag."},{"s":"welsh-dragon-on-union-flag","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Welsh dragon appears on the Union Flag.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Wales has its own official flag with a dragon, but it is not on the Union Flag because Wales was already joined to England when the first version of the flag was designed."},{"s":"first-union-flag-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the first Union Flag made, combining the English and Scottish flags?","o":["1606","1707","1801","1689"],"a":[0],"e":"The first Union Flag of 1606 combined the Scottish and English flags. Wales was already part of England then, so the Welsh dragon was not included."},{"s":"victoria-reign-dates","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837 and reigned until 1901.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Victoria became queen at 18 in 1837 and ruled for almost 64 years. Britain's power and influence abroad grew during her reign."},{"s":"corn-laws-repeal-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year were the Corn Laws repealed?","o":["1846","1832","1847","1867"],"a":[0],"e":"The Corn Laws were scrapped in 1846 as part of the move towards free trade. Raw materials became cheaper to import, which helped British industry."},{"s":"corn-laws-blocked-cheap-grain","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Corn Laws had stopped cheap grain from being imported into Britain.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The Corn Laws kept out cheap grain. Removing them in 1846 was one example of the government's free trade policies."},{"s":"brunel-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Isambard Kingdom Brunel are correct?","o":["He was originally from Portsmouth","He built the Great Western Railway","He was born in Italy","He mapped the coast of Australia"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Brunel was an engineer from Portsmouth who built tunnels, bridges, railways and ships. His Great Western Railway, from Paddington, was the first major railway in Britain."},{"s":"great-exhibition-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Great Exhibition open in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park?","o":["1851","1846","1854","1860"],"a":[0],"e":"The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in a huge steel and glass building. Countries from around the world took part, but most exhibits were British-made."},{"s":"crimean-war-enemy","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In the Crimean War (1853-1856), Britain was on the side of Turkey and France. Which country did they fight?","o":["Russia","Spain","Germany","The Netherlands"],"a":[0],"e":"Britain, Turkey and France fought Russia. Queen Victoria created the Victoria Cross during this war to honour brave soldiers."},{"s":"crimean-war-media-coverage","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Crimean War was the first war that the media covered widely with news reports and photographs.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"It was the first war covered in depth by news reports and photographs. Many soldiers died from diseases caught in hospital rather than from their wounds."},{"s":"nightingale-training-school-location","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Where did Florence Nightingale set up her training school for nurses in 1860?","o":["St Thomas' Hospital in London","A military hospital in Turkey","A hospital in Germany","A hospital in Italy"],"a":[0],"e":"Her school at St Thomas' was the first school like it and is still open. She had earlier nursed soldiers in Turkey during the Crimean War, and she is often called the founder of modern nursing."},{"s":"irish-famine-crop-failed","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which crop failed in Ireland in the middle of the 19th century, causing a famine?","o":["Potatoes","Wheat","Barley","Oats"],"a":[0],"e":"Many Irish people relied heavily on potatoes. When the crop failed, a million people died and another 1.5 million emigrated."},{"s":"home-rule-parnell","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Charles Stuart Parnell wanted Ireland to remain part of the UK with a parliament of its own","Charles Stuart Parnell wanted Ireland to leave the UK completely"],"a":[0],"e":"Parnell argued for 'Home Rule', with Ireland keeping its place in the UK. Other nationalists, such as the Fenians, wanted full independence."},{"s":"reform-act-1832-effect","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements about the Reform Act of 1832 is correct?","o":["It got rid of pocket and rotten boroughs","It gave working-class men without property the vote"],"a":[0],"e":"The 1832 Act greatly increased the number of voters and gave more seats to towns and cities. Voting still depended on owning property, so the working class could not vote."},{"s":"chartists-campaign","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What were the campaigners called who presented petitions to Parliament asking for working-class people to be given the vote?","o":["The Chartists","The Fenians","The Suffragettes","The Quakers"],"a":[0],"e":"The Chartists wanted the vote for working people and others without property. Another Reform Act followed in 1867, creating more town seats and lowering the property needed to vote."},{"s":"married-women-property-acts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO years saw Acts of Parliament that let married women keep the money they earned and their own property?","o":["1870","1882","1832","1867"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Before 1870 a married woman's money and property became her husband's. Acts of 1870 and 1882 changed this. The Reform Acts of 1832 and 1867 were about voting."},{"s":"wspu-first-suffragettes","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst helped to found a group whose members were the first to be called 'suffragettes'. What was it called?","o":["The Women's Social and Political Union","The Women's Franchise League","The Chartists","The Fenians"],"a":[0],"e":"In 1889 Pankhurst founded the Women's Franchise League, and in 1903 she helped start the WSPU. WSPU members used civil disobedience, such as smashing windows and hunger strikes."},{"s":"women-vote-1918-age","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In 1918, women over what age won the vote and could also become candidates for Parliament?","o":["30","21","18","25"],"a":[0],"e":"Women over 30 won the vote in 1918, partly in recognition of their war work in the First World War. Just before 1928 the age was lowered to 21, the same as for men."},{"s":"women-vote-21-before-1928","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Just before Emmeline Pankhurst's death in 1928, women won the vote at 21, the same age as men.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"In 1918 only women over 30 could vote. Shortly before 1928 the voting age for women was brought down to 21, equal with men."},{"s":"empire-future-debate","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO views about the future of the British Empire were held in the late 19th century?","o":["Supporters said it benefited Britain through more trade","Critics said it was over-expanded and its conflicts wasted resources","Supporters said its frequent conflicts were a drain on resources","Most British people believed the Empire did more harm than good"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Supporters of expansion pointed to more trade, while critics said the Empire was over-expanded and its conflicts drained resources. Still, most British people thought the Empire did good in the world."},{"s":"boer-war-settlers","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements about the Boer War (1899-1902) is correct?","o":["The British fought settlers from the Netherlands in South Africa","The British fought settlers from France in India"],"a":[0],"e":"The Boers were Dutch settlers in South Africa who fought hard for over three years. The war led people to doubt that the Empire could last."},{"s":"rudyard-kipling-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Rudyard Kipling are correct?","o":["His birthplace was India, in 1865","In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature","He wrote the song Auld Lang Syne","His birthplace was Manchester, in 1858"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Kipling wrote Just So Stories, The Jungle Book and the much-loved poem If. Auld Lang Syne is by Robert Burns, and Manchester in 1858 is Emmeline Pankhurst's birthplace."},{"s":"mps-salary-early-20th-century","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the early 20th century, members of Parliament began to be paid a salary for the first time.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Paying MPs was one of the early 1900s reforms and helped more people get involved in public life. Other measures included pensions for older people and free meals for schoolchildren."},{"s":"first-world-war-causes","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO factors helped create the conditions for the First World War?","o":["Growing nationalism in many European states","Increasing militarism","The Great Depression","Hitler's invasion of Poland"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Nationalism, militarism, imperialism and Europe's split into two camps set the scene. The Great Depression began in 1929 and Poland was invaded in 1939, both after this war."},{"s":"assassination-trigger-first-world-war","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Whose assassination on 28 June 1914 started the chain of events that led to the First World War?","o":["Archduke Franz Ferdinand","Adolf Hitler","Winston Churchill","Ernest Rutherford"],"a":[0],"e":"The killing of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the trigger. Other causes, such as nationalism and militarism, had already prepared the ground."},{"s":"allied-powers-first-world-war","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO countries were among the Allied Powers fighting alongside Britain in the First World War?","o":["France","Japan","Germany","The Ottoman Empire"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Britain's allies included France, Russia, Japan, Belgium and Serbia, joined later by others such as the United States. Germany and the Ottoman Empire were on the opposing side."},{"s":"central-powers-first-world-war","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these were Central Powers, fighting against Britain in the First World War?","o":["The Austro-Hungarian Empire","Bulgaria","Russia","Serbia"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Central Powers were mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, with Bulgaria joining later. Russia and Serbia were among the Allies."},{"s":"empire-soldiers-first-world-war","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["More than a million Indian soldiers fought for Britain in the First World War","Fewer than 50,000 Indian soldiers fought for Britain in the First World War"],"a":[0],"e":"Soldiers came from all over the British Empire. Over a million Indians fought for Britain, about 40,000 of whom died, alongside troops from the West Indies, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Canada."},{"s":"somme-first-day-casualties","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Roughly how many British casualties were there on the first day of the British attack at the Somme in July 1916?","o":["About 6,000","About 60,000","About 300,000","About 2 million"],"a":[1],"e":"On the opening day of the Somme attack alone, Britain had around 60,000 casualties. Over the whole war, British casualties passed 2 million."},{"s":"first-world-war-end-date","c":3,"k":"single","q":"On which date did the First World War end, at 11 o'clock in the morning?","o":["28 June 1914","11 November 1916","11 November 1918","6 June 1944"],"a":[2],"e":"Fighting stopped at 11 o'clock in the morning on 11 November 1918, and Britain and its allies were the winners."},{"s":"home-rule-promised-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the British government promise 'Home Rule' for Ireland?","o":["1913","1916","1921","1949"],"a":[0],"e":"The promise came in 1913 and a Home Rule Bill went before Parliament. The First World War then caused the government to put changes in Ireland on hold."},{"s":"home-rule-meaning-ireland","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Under the Home Rule proposal, Ireland would have left the UK completely.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Home Rule meant Ireland would govern itself with its own parliament while staying inside the UK. Protestants in the north opposed it and threatened to fight it."},{"s":"easter-rising-dublin-1916","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was the 1916 uprising against the British in Dublin called?","o":["The Easter Rising","The Troubles","The Blitz","The Battle of Britain"],"a":[0],"e":"Irish Nationalists did not want to wait until after the war for change, so they rose up in Dublin in 1916. This became known as the Easter Rising."},{"s":"easter-rising-leaders-fate","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After the Easter Rising, its leaders were pardoned and set free.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The leaders were put to death under military law. After that, a guerrilla war was fought in Ireland against the British army and police."},{"s":"ireland-two-countries-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was Ireland divided into two countries?","o":["1913","1916","1922","1949"],"a":[2],"e":"A peace treaty was signed in 1921, and in 1922 Ireland split in two: Northern Ireland stayed in the UK and the rest became the Irish Free State."},{"s":"irish-free-state-republic-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the Irish Free State become a republic?","o":["1921","1922","1936","1949"],"a":[3],"e":"The Irish Free State was formed in 1922 with its own government. It became a republic in 1949."},{"s":"northern-ireland-the-troubles","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What name is often given to the conflict between those who wanted full Irish independence and those loyal to the British government?","o":["The Troubles","The Easter Rising","Home Rule","The Great Depression"],"a":[0],"e":"Some people in the North and the South still wanted a single independent Ireland. Long disagreement turned into a terror campaign, and the conflict is usually called 'the Troubles'."},{"s":"great-depression-start-year","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The 'Great Depression' began around the world in 1929.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"After better living conditions in the 1920s, the Great Depression began in 1929. Some parts of the UK then saw mass unemployment."},{"s":"car-ownership-1930s","c":3,"k":"single","q":"How did car ownership in Britain change between 1930 and 1939?","o":["It doubled, reaching 2 million from 1 million","It doubled, reaching 4 million from 2 million","It rose tenfold, reaching 1 million from 100,000","It halved, falling to 1 million from 2 million"],"a":[0],"e":"Prices generally fell in the 1930s, so people with jobs had more to spend. The number of car owners doubled, reaching 2 million by 1939."},{"s":"inter-war-writers","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO writers were prominent in Britain in the period between the two world wars?","o":["Graham Greene","Evelyn Waugh","Ernest Rutherford","Alexander Fleming"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The inter-war years saw a cultural flowering, with Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh among the leading writers. Rutherford and Fleming were scientists."},{"s":"keynes-economic-theories","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which economist became known for important new economic theories in the inter-war period?","o":["John Maynard Keynes","Graham Greene","Howard Florey","Ernest Rutherford"],"a":[0],"e":"John Maynard Keynes put forward influential economic ideas during the cultural flowering of the inter-war years."},{"s":"bbc-first-television-service","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In 1922 the BBC started the first regular TV service in the world.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"1922 was when BBC radio broadcasts began. The BBC's regular television service, a world first, started in 1936."},{"s":"hitler-came-to-power-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany?","o":["1914","1929","1933","1939"],"a":[2],"e":"Hitler took power in 1933. He considered the terms the Allies had placed on Germany after the First World War to be unjust and he wanted more land for Germans."},{"s":"britain-declares-war-1939","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which country did Hitler invade in 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war?","o":["Poland","Belgium","Austria","The Soviet Union"],"a":[0],"e":"Britain had tried to avoid another war. Once Germany attacked Poland in 1939, both Britain and France declared war to halt Hitler."},{"s":"axis-powers-second-world-war","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO were Axis powers, on Germany's side in the Second World War?","o":["Italy","The Empire of Japan","Poland","Canada"],"a":[0,1],"e":"On the Axis side were fascist Germany, fascist Italy and the Japanese Empire. Poland and Canada were among the main allied countries."},{"s":"churchill-became-prime-minister-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year, as German forces advanced through France, did Winston Churchill become Prime Minister and lead Britain in the war?","o":["1900","1940","1945","1951"],"a":[1],"e":"Churchill took office in May 1940 at a moment of national crisis. He had first become an MP in 1900 and came back as Prime Minister in 1951."},{"s":"dunkirk-evacuation-men-rescued","c":3,"k":"single","q":"About how many men were rescued from the beaches around Dunkirk in 1940?","o":["More than 30,000","More than 60,000","More than 300,000","More than 1 million"],"a":[2],"e":"The Navy, helped by civilians in small fishing and pleasure boats, brought over 300,000 soldiers back. The phrase 'the Dunkirk spirit' comes from this rescue."},{"s":"britain-almost-alone-1940-1941","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: From late June 1940 until June 1941, when Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Britain and its Empire faced Nazi Germany nearly alone.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"After France fell, Britain and its Empire had almost no other allies fighting Germany until Hitler turned on the Soviet Union in 1941."},{"s":"battle-of-britain-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What was 'the Battle of Britain', fought in summer 1940?","o":["An air battle the RAF won against the Germans","The rescue of soldiers from Dunkirk","The German night bombing of British cities","The allied landings in Normandy"],"a":[0],"e":"Hitler needed control of the skies before invading Britain. British fighter planes resisted and won this vital battle in the air."},{"s":"spitfire-hurricane-built-in-britain","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the Battle of Britain, the RAF's key fighter planes, the Spitfire and the Hurricane, were British designs made in Britain.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"These two British-made fighter planes were the key aircraft the Royal Air Force used to win the Battle of Britain."},{"s":"blitz-coventry-destroyed","c":3,"k":"single","q":"During the Blitz, which city was almost totally destroyed by German bombing?","o":["Coventry","Manchester","Cambridge","Edinburgh"],"a":[0],"e":"The Blitz was the German bombing of British cities at night. Coventry was nearly wiped out, and the East End of London also suffered heavy damage."},{"s":"usa-enters-war-pearl-harbour","c":3,"k":"single","q":"The United States joined the Second World War in December 1941 after Japan bombed which of its naval bases?","o":["Pearl Harbour","Singapore","Dunkirk","Normandy"],"a":[0],"e":"Japan's December 1941 bombing of the American base at Pearl Harbour brought the United States into the war."},{"s":"d-day-normandy-landings-date","c":3,"k":"single","q":"On which date did allied forces land in Normandy, an event known as 'D-Day'?","o":["11 November 1918","6 June 1944","8 May 1945","6 August 1945"],"a":[1],"e":"The allied landings in Normandy took place on 6 June 1944. After winning on the beaches, the Allies pushed through France and into Germany."},{"s":"atom-bombs-japanese-cities","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO Japanese cities did the United States hit with atom bombs in August 1945?","o":["Hiroshima","Nagasaki","Tokyo","Osaka"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The war with Japan ended in August 1945 after the atom bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Germany had already been defeated in May 1945."},{"s":"rutherford-split-the-atom","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who led the scientists, working at Manchester and later Cambridge University, who first managed to 'split the atom'?","o":["Ernest Rutherford","Alexander Fleming","Howard Florey","John Maynard Keynes"],"a":[0],"e":"Ernest Rutherford headed the team that first split the atom. Fleming and Florey are known for penicillin, and Keynes for his ideas on economics."},{"s":"churchill-greatest-briton-2002","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In a 2002 public vote, Winston Churchill was named the greatest Briton ever.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Churchill died in 1965 and was given a state funeral. In 2002 the public chose him as the greatest Briton in history."},{"s":"fleming-born-in-scotland","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin, was born in Wales.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Fleming was born in Scotland. As a teenager he moved to London, where he later trained and qualified as a doctor."},{"s":"penicillin-discovery-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?","o":["1922","1928","1936","1945"],"a":[1],"e":"Fleming found penicillin in 1928. In 1945 he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work."},{"s":"fleming-researching-flu-penicillin","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Fleming discovered penicillin while he was researching influenza","Fleming discovered penicillin while he was researching malaria"],"a":[0],"e":"Fleming was studying flu in 1928 when he made the discovery. Penicillin is still used against bacterial infections."},{"s":"penicillin-usable-drug-scientists","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO scientists developed penicillin into a drug that could be used?","o":["Howard Florey","Ernst Chain","Ernest Rutherford","John Maynard Keynes"],"a":[0,1],"e":"After Fleming's discovery, Florey and Chain turned penicillin into a usable medicine, and it was being mass-produced by the 1940s."},{"s":"prime-minister-after-1945-election","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Who became Prime Minister when Labour won the general election of 1945?","o":["Clement Attlee","Winston Churchill","Harold Macmillan","Aneurin Bevan"],"a":[0],"e":"Voters chose a Labour government in 1945, and Clement Attlee took office promising to bring in the welfare state described in the Beveridge Report."},{"s":"minister-who-founded-nhs","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which Minister for Health led the setting up of the National Health Service in 1948?","o":["Aneurin (Nye) Bevan","Clement Attlee","R A Butler","William Beveridge"],"a":[0],"e":"Aneurin Bevan, known as Nye, was Health Minister and led the creation of the NHS in 1948, giving everyone a basic level of health care."},{"s":"nhs-1948-free-at-point-of-use","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The NHS was set up in 1948 and patients did not pay for treatment when they used it.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Founded in 1948, the NHS promised a minimum standard of care for everyone, with no charge at the moment of treatment."},{"s":"independence-nine-countries-1947","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In 1947 a group of countries became independent, among them India, Pakistan and Ceylon. How many countries were in this group?","o":["Three","Five","Nine","Twelve"],"a":[2],"e":"Nine countries became independent in 1947, among them India, Pakistan and Ceylon (today Sri Lanka). Other colonies followed over the next 20 years."},{"s":"why-nato-was-created","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which the UK joined after the war, set up?","o":["To defend member nations against a possible Soviet attack","To organise trade between the countries of Western Europe","To manage independence for the colonies of the Empire","To pay for rebuilding British cities after the bombing"],"a":[0],"e":"NATO was a new alliance of nations formed against the perceived danger of attack from the Soviet Union and the countries allied with it. The UK also built its own atomic bomb."},{"s":"macmillan-wind-of-change-speech","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which Prime Minister gave the famous 'wind of change' speech on decolonisation?","o":["Harold Macmillan","Clement Attlee","Margaret Thatcher","John Major"],"a":[0],"e":"Harold Macmillan led the Conservative government of the time. His 'wind of change' speech was about the Empire's countries gaining independence."},{"s":"attlee-career-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Clement Attlee are correct?","o":["He was Deputy Prime Minister to Winston Churchill during the war","He led the government between 1945 and 1951","He trained as a chemist before entering politics","He led the Labour Party for 10 years"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Attlee, a barrister by training, served as Churchill's deputy in the wartime coalition, then led the government between 1945 and 1951. He led Labour for 20 years."},{"s":"beveridge-report-published-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Beveridge Report, 'Social Insurance and Allied Services', published?","o":["1941","1942","1945","1948"],"a":[1],"e":"The wartime government asked for the report in 1941 and it appeared in 1942. It laid the foundations of today's welfare state."},{"s":"beveridge-five-giant-evils","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO were among the five 'Giant Evils' that the Beveridge Report said the government should fight?","o":["Squalor","Idleness","Crime","Greed"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The five Giant Evils were Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. Crime and Greed were not on the list."},{"s":"butler-act-1944-secondary-education","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What did the Education Act 1944 (also known as 'The Butler Act') introduce?","o":["Secondary schooling at no cost in England and Wales","Free university education across the UK","Compulsory schooling for children in Scotland only","Free school meals in Northern Ireland"],"a":[0],"e":"R A Butler, a Conservative in charge of education from 1941, oversaw the 1944 Act. Its split between primary and secondary schools still exists in most of Britain."},{"s":"dylan-thomas-birthplace","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Where was the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas born, a place that now has a statue of him and a centre named after him?","o":["Swansea","Cardiff","Bangor","New York"],"a":[0],"e":"Swansea, his birthplace, has several memorials to him, such as a statue of him and the Dylan Thomas Centre. He died in New York aged 39."},{"s":"under-milk-wood-radio-play","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas is a radio play.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Under Milk Wood is a play written for radio. It was first performed in 1954, after Thomas had died."},{"s":"dylan-thomas-life-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Dylan Thomas are correct?","o":["He often read his work aloud to audiences, for example on the BBC","Under Milk Wood was first performed after his death","He died in Swansea at the age of 39","He wrote Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night for his dying mother"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Thomas read his work aloud in public and on the BBC. He died in New York, not Swansea, and wrote that 1952 poem for his dying father."},{"s":"west-indies-bus-driver-recruitment","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In the 1950s, which job in Britain were West Indian recruitment centres looking to fill?","o":["Driving buses","Working in textile mills","Mining coal","Building ships"],"a":[0],"e":"Labour was short, so industries looked overseas. Bus drivers were recruited in the West Indies, while textile and engineering firms sent agents to recruit in India and Pakistan."},{"s":"post-war-workers-invited-1948","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: After the Second World War, the UK invited people from the West Indies to come and work in 1948.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. To help rebuild the country, the government first encouraged workers from Ireland and elsewhere in Europe, and in 1948 invited people from the West Indies too."},{"s":"beatles-rolling-stones-decade","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which decade were The Beatles and The Rolling Stones two well-known British pop groups?","o":["The 1950s","The 1960s","The 1970s","The 1980s"],"a":[1],"e":"This was the 1960s, known as 'the Swinging Sixties'. British fashion, cinema and pop music grew, and many people could now afford cars and other consumer goods."},{"s":"1960s-social-change-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Britain in the 1960s are correct?","o":["Laws on divorce were made less strict","Laws on abortion were made less strict","Migration from the West Indies and India rose sharply in the late 1960s","Northern Ireland's Parliament was suspended"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The 1960s relaxed the laws on divorce and abortion. Migration fell in the late 1960s, and Northern Ireland's Parliament was suspended in 1972."},{"s":"late-1960s-immigration-fall-reason","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Migration from the West Indies, India and Pakistan went down in the late 1960s because new laws restricted immigration","Migration from the West Indies, India and Pakistan went down in the late 1960s because British industry no longer needed workers"],"a":[0],"e":"The government passed laws requiring immigrants to have a strong link to Britain by birth or by ancestry, so the numbers coming fell."},{"s":"uganda-indian-origin-refugees","c":3,"k":"single","q":"How many people of Indian origin expelled from Uganda did Britain admit in the early 1970s?","o":["3,000","9,000","28,000","50,000"],"a":[2],"e":"Even though immigration rules had been tightened, Britain accepted 28,000 Ugandan exiles of Indian origin in the early 1970s."},{"s":"concorde-key-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Concorde are correct?","o":["It first flew in 1969","It stopped flying in 2003","It began carrying passengers in 1969","It was developed by Britain and Germany"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Britain and France built Concorde, the only supersonic passenger airliner. Its first flight was in 1969, passenger services started in 1976 and it was retired in 2003."},{"s":"television-developed-by-baird","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which Scotsman developed the television in the 1920s?","o":["John Logie Baird","Robert Watson-Watt","Bernard Lovell","Frank Whittle"],"a":[0],"e":"John Logie Baird developed television in the 1920s, and in 1932 he broadcast the first television pictures between London and Glasgow."},{"s":"first-radar-test-1935","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Radar was first tested successfully in 1935.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Radar was developed by the Scotsman Sir Robert Watson-Watt, who suggested that radio waves could detect enemy aircraft."},{"s":"lovell-radio-telescope-location","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Where did Sir Bernard Lovell build his radio telescope, for many years the largest in the world?","o":["Jodrell Bank in Cheshire","Enfield in north London","Oldham in Lancashire","Cambridge in Cambridgeshire"],"a":[0],"e":"Lovell's work with radar led him to new discoveries in astronomy. He built the radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire."},{"s":"what-is-a-turing-machine","c":3,"k":"single","q":"What is the Turing machine, invented by the mathematician Alan Turing in the 1930s?","o":["A theoretical mathematical device","An early jet engine","The first cash machine","A radar receiver for detecting aircraft"],"a":[0],"e":"Alan Turing's machine was a theoretical idea in mathematics. It strongly influenced computer science and the development of the modern computer."},{"s":"dna-structure-discovered-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the structure of DNA discovered through work at universities in London and Cambridge?","o":["1935","1953","1969","1978"],"a":[1],"e":"The discovery came in 1953 and helped advances in medicine and crime-fighting. Francis Crick, one of the Nobel Prize winners for it, was British."},{"s":"jet-engine-frank-whittle","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Sir Frank Whittle, a Royal Air Force engineer officer, developed which invention in the 1930s?","o":["The jet engine","The hovercraft","The Harrier jump jet","Radar"],"a":[0],"e":"Whittle developed the jet engine in Britain in the 1930s. The hovercraft came later, in the 1950s, from Sir Christopher Cockerell."},{"s":"atm-invented-decade","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: James Goodfellow invented the cash machine (ATM) in the 1980s.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Goodfellow invented the ATM in the 1960s, and the first one was used by Barclays Bank in 1967."},{"s":"first-test-tube-baby-oldham","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Oldham in Lancashire was the birthplace, in 1978, of the first 'test-tube baby' in the world.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. IVF treatment for infertility was first developed in Britain by Sir Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, leading to this birth in 1978."},{"s":"british-medical-inventions-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about British scientific achievements are correct?","o":["Sir Peter Mansfield co-invented the MRI scanner","Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned","Alan Turing helped to discover insulin","Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1978"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Mansfield co-invented the MRI scanner. Dolly was the first cloned mammal, in 1996. Insulin's co-discoverer was the Scottish physician John MacLeod."},{"s":"world-wide-web-first-transfer-date","c":3,"k":"single","q":"On what date was information first successfully sent over the World Wide Web, invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee?","o":["25 December 1990","1 January 1985","25 December 1996","4 July 1976"],"a":[0],"e":"The web's inventor, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, is British. The first successful transfer of information across it happened on 25 December 1990."},{"s":"harrier-jump-jet-vertical-takeoff","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["The Harrier jump jet, which can take off vertically, was designed and built in the UK","The Harrier jump jet, which can take off vertically, was developed jointly by Britain and France"],"a":[0],"e":"The Harrier was a UK design able to lift off straight up. It was Concorde, not the Harrier, that Britain built together with France."},{"s":"balance-of-payments-1970s-meaning","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In the late 1970s Britain faced difficulties with its 'balance of payments'. What did this mean?","o":["Imports were worth more than the money earned from exports","Exports were worth more than the money spent on imports","The government spent more on the NHS than on defence","Wages rose faster than the price of goods"],"a":[0],"e":"As the post-war boom ended, prices rose sharply and the pound's exchange rate was unstable, so the value of goods bought in exceeded what exports brought in."},{"s":"northern-ireland-parliament-suspended-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Northern Ireland Parliament suspended and direct rule from the UK government introduced?","o":["1969","1972","1985","1998"],"a":[1],"e":"The 1970s brought grave unrest to Northern Ireland. In 1972 its Parliament was suspended, and around 3,000 people died in the violence in the decades after 1969."},{"s":"mary-peters-olympic-event","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which event did Mary Peters win an Olympic gold medal in 1972?","o":["Pentathlon","Marathon","Swimming","Rowing"],"a":[0],"e":"Mary Peters took gold in the pentathlon in 1972, then raised funds for athletics locally and managed the women's British Olympic team."},{"s":"mary-peters-birthplace","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The athlete Mary Peters was born in Northern Ireland.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. She was born in Manchester and moved to Northern Ireland when she was young. She was made a Dame in 2000."},{"s":"eec-not-a-founding-member","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which of these countries was NOT one of the six countries that founded the EEC in 1957?","o":["The United Kingdom","France","Italy","Belgium"],"a":[0],"e":"The EEC was founded in 1957 by West Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At first the UK chose to stay out."},{"s":"uk-joined-eec-year","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) when it was formed in 1957.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. At first the UK chose to stay out, and it only became a member in 1973."},{"s":"margaret-thatcher-life-facts","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Margaret Thatcher are correct?","o":["Her father was a grocer in Grantham, Lincolnshire","She became the UK's first woman Prime Minister in 1979","She became Leader of the Conservative Party in 1970","She remained Prime Minister until 1997"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Thatcher became Conservative leader in 1975 and Prime Minister after the 1979 election. She stayed in office until 1990; 1970 is when she joined the cabinet."},{"s":"thatcher-longest-serving-20th-century","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Margaret Thatcher served as Prime Minister for longer than anyone else in the 20th century.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. She held office from 1979 to 1990 and worked closely with US President Ronald Reagan."},{"s":"thatcher-government-economic-changes","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO changes were made by Margaret Thatcher's government?","o":["Privatisation of nationalised industries","Legal controls on the powers of trade unions","Creation of the National Health Service","Taking the railways into public ownership"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Thatcher's government sold off nationalised industries and limited union powers by law. The NHS and nationalisation of the railways came from the Labour government after 1945."},{"s":"falkland-islands-invasion-1982","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In 1982, which country invaded the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, a British overseas territory?","o":["Argentina","Iraq","Spain","Uganda"],"a":[0],"e":"Argentina invaded in 1982. The UK sent a naval taskforce, and military action won the islands back."},{"s":"john-major-northern-ireland-peace","c":3,"k":"single","q":"Which Prime Minister followed Margaret Thatcher and helped to start the peace process in Northern Ireland?","o":["John Major","Tony Blair","Gordon Brown","Harold Macmillan"],"a":[0],"e":"John Major took over from Mrs Thatcher and helped start the peace process, which Tony Blair's government later built on."},{"s":"roald-dahl-wartime-service","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Roald Dahl served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Dahl, born in Wales to a Norwegian family, was in the Royal Air Force. He began publishing in the 1940s and is best known for children's books."},{"s":"blair-government-devolution","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO did Tony Blair's Labour government introduce?","o":["A Scottish Parliament","A Welsh Assembly","Direct rule of Northern Ireland from London","UK membership of the European Economic Community"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Elected in 1997, the Blair government set up a Scottish Parliament with strong law-making powers and a Welsh Assembly. Direct rule began in 1972, and the UK joined the EEC in 1973."},{"s":"northern-ireland-peace-dates","c":3,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about Northern Ireland are correct?","o":["The Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998","The Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended in 2002 and not restored until 2007","The Northern Ireland Assembly was first elected in 1972","The Good Friday Agreement was signed under Margaret Thatcher"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Building on the peace process, the Blair government reached the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. The Assembly was elected in 1999, suspended in 2002 and reinstated in 2007."},{"s":"gordon-brown-became-pm-year","c":3,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Gordon Brown take over from Tony Blair as Prime Minister?","o":["1997","2002","2007","2010"],"a":[2],"e":"Tony Blair led Labour to power in 1997, and Gordon Brown replaced him as Prime Minister in 2007."},{"s":"kuwait-liberation-iraqi-invasion","c":3,"k":"single","q":"During the 1990s, Britain had a leading part in freeing which country after it was invaded by Iraq in 1990?","o":["Kuwait","Afghanistan","Yugoslavia","The Falkland Islands"],"a":[0],"e":"British forces were a leading part of the coalition that liberated Kuwait after Iraq's 1990 invasion. Britain was also involved in the conflict in the former Yugoslavia."},{"s":"combat-troops-left-iraq-year","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: British combat troops withdrew from Iraq in 2003.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. They left Iraq in 2009. Since 2000 British forces had taken part in operations against international terrorism, including in Afghanistan and Iraq."},{"s":"coalition-government-2010-parties","c":3,"k":"single","q":"After the May 2010 general election, which two parties formed a coalition government?","o":["The Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats","Labour and the Liberal Democrats","The Conservatives and Labour","Labour and the Scottish National Party"],"a":[0],"e":"In 2010 no party gained an overall majority, so the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats joined forces and the Conservative leader, David Cameron, became Prime Minister."},{"s":"2010-election-no-overall-majority","c":3,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The 2010 general election was the first since February 1974 in which no party won an overall majority.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. For the first time since February 1974, no single party won a majority, which led to a Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition."},{"s":"uk-located-north-west-europe","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which part of Europe is the UK located?","o":["The north west","The south east","The south west","The north east"],"a":[0],"e":"The UK is in north-west Europe. Its longest mainland distance runs from John O'Groats to Land's End."},{"s":"john-ogroats-lands-end-distance","c":4,"k":"single","q":"About how far is it from John O'Groats in Scotland to Land's End in England?","o":["About 370 miles","About 870 miles","About 1,870 miles","About 2,870 miles"],"a":[1],"e":"It is the longest distance across the mainland: about 870 miles, or roughly 1,400 kilometres, from Scotland's north coast to England's south-west corner."},{"s":"most-people-live-countryside","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Most people in the UK live in the countryside.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The majority live in towns and cities. Large parts of Britain remain rural, and many people visit them for holidays, walking, camping and fishing."},{"s":"capital-city-of-scotland","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is the capital city of Scotland?","o":["Edinburgh","Glasgow","Aberdeen","Dundee"],"a":[0],"e":"Edinburgh is Scotland's capital. Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee are other Scottish cities."},{"s":"capital-city-of-wales","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is the capital city of Wales?","o":["Cardiff","Swansea","Newport","Belfast"],"a":[0],"e":"Cardiff is the capital of Wales. Swansea and Newport are also Welsh cities, and Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland."},{"s":"cities-in-wales","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these cities are in Wales?","o":["Swansea","Newport","Dundee","Plymouth"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Swansea and Newport are cities in Wales, along with the capital, Cardiff. Dundee is in Scotland and Plymouth is in England."},{"s":"pence-in-a-pound","c":4,"k":"single","q":"How many pence are there in one pound sterling?","o":["10","50","100","240"],"a":[2],"e":"The UK currency is the pound sterling, written with the symbol £, and one pound is made up of 100 pence."},{"s":"uk-coin-values","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these values are UK coins?","o":["20p","£2","30p","£3"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Coins range from 1p up to £2, with 20p and £2 among them; there is no 30p or £3 coin. The £5, £10, £20 and £50 are banknotes."},{"s":"scottish-ni-banknotes-must-accept","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Shops in the UK must accept banknotes issued in Scotland and Northern Ireland.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own banknotes, which can be used anywhere in the UK. But shops and businesses are not obliged to take them."},{"s":"welsh-separate-language","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Welsh is a dialect of English.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Welsh is an entirely separate language from English. Many people in Wales speak it, and schools and universities teach it."},{"s":"gaelic-highlands-and-islands","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which language, different from English, do some people in the Highlands and Islands speak?","o":["Gaelic","Welsh","Cornish","Manx"],"a":[0],"e":"Gaelic is used in some areas of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Welsh is spoken in Wales, and some people in Northern Ireland speak Irish Gaelic."},{"s":"why-people-living-longer","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Why are people in the UK living longer than ever before?","o":["Better living standards and health care","More people living in the countryside","Shorter working hours for most people","Smaller families than in the past"],"a":[0],"e":"Higher living standards and improved health care mean people live longer. A record number are now 85 or older, which pushes up spending on pensions and health care."},{"s":"married-parents-equally-responsible","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: When a man and a woman are married, both have the same responsibility for their children.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"By law men and women must not be treated unfairly because of their gender or whether they are married. Married parents share responsibility for their children equally."},{"s":"girls-school-qualifications","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["On average, girls finish school with higher qualifications than boys","More men than women study at university"],"a":[0],"e":"Girls on average leave school with better results than boys, and more women than men go on to study at university."},{"s":"women-share-of-workforce","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Roughly what share of the workforce in Britain is made up of women?","o":["About a tenth","About a quarter","About half","About three quarters"],"a":[2],"e":"Today roughly half of all workers are women. They work in every sector of the economy, and more hold senior posts than ever before."},{"s":"sikh-place-of-worship-gurdwara","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is a Sikh place of worship called?","o":["A gurdwara","A synagogue","A mosque","A church"],"a":[0],"e":"Sikhs worship in gurdwaras. Across the UK there are also mosques for Muslims, synagogues for Jews, and Hindu and Buddhist temples."},{"s":"legal-right-to-choose-religion","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["By law, every person in the UK may choose a religion or choose to have none.","By law, everyone in England must belong to the Church of England."],"a":[0],"e":"Although the UK is historically Christian, the law lets every person pick their own religion, or decide not to practise any religion at all."},{"s":"church-of-england-since-1530s","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Since which decade has the Church of England existed?","o":["The 1430s","The 1530s","The 1630s","The 1730s"],"a":[1],"e":"The Church of England is a Protestant Church dating from the Reformation of the 1530s, and it is England's established Church."},{"s":"monarch-head-of-church-of-england","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Church of England has the monarch as its head.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch heads the Church of England, which reflects the constitutional tie between the state and the Church in England."},{"s":"archbishop-of-canterbury-spiritual-leader","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Who leads the Church of England spiritually?","o":["The Archbishop of Canterbury","The Moderator of the General Assembly","The Prime Minister","The Speaker of the House of Commons"],"a":[0],"e":"The Archbishop of Canterbury is the Church of England's spiritual leader. The Moderator chairs the Church of Scotland's General Assembly."},{"s":"who-chooses-archbishop-in-practice","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In practice, who usually chooses the Archbishop of Canterbury and other senior officials of the Church of England?","o":["The Prime Minister and a Church committee","The House of Lords and the bishops","The Speaker and a Commons committee","The Moderator and the General Assembly"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch is entitled to pick the Archbishop and other senior officials, but the choice normally falls to the Prime Minister working with a Church-appointed committee."},{"s":"bishops-sit-in-house-of-lords","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Several Church of England bishops are members of the House of Lords.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Some Church of England bishops have seats in the House of Lords, another sign of the link between Church and state in England."},{"s":"church-of-scotland-presbyterian","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The Church of Scotland belongs to which type of Church?","o":["Presbyterian","Roman Catholic","Anglican","Baptist"],"a":[0],"e":"The Church of Scotland, the national Church in Scotland, is Presbyterian and is run by ministers and elders."},{"s":"moderator-appointed-for-one-year","c":4,"k":"single","q":"How long does a Moderator of the Church of Scotland's General Assembly serve?","o":["One year","Four years","Five years","For life"],"a":[0],"e":"The Moderator chairs the General Assembly and often speaks for the Church of Scotland, but holds the post for a single year."},{"s":"no-established-church-in-wales","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Wales has the Church of England as its established Church.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Wales and Northern Ireland have no established Church. Only in England is the Church of England the state Church."},{"s":"church-of-england-other-names","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO names are used for the Church of England outside England?","o":["The Anglican Church","The Episcopal Church","The Methodist Church","The Presbyterian Church"],"a":[0,1],"e":"In other countries the Church of England is called the Anglican Church, and in the United States and Scotland the Episcopal Church. Methodists and Presbyterians are separate Protestant groups."},{"s":"protestant-christian-groups-uk","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are Protestant Christian groups?","o":["Methodists","Quakers","Roman Catholics","Buddhists"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Quakers are Protestant groups. Roman Catholics form a different branch of Christianity, and Buddhism is a separate religion."},{"s":"st-andrews-day-30-november","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which patron saint's day falls on 30 November?","o":["St Andrew's Day","St David's Day","St Patrick's Day","St George's Day"],"a":[0],"e":"30 November is St Andrew's Day, for Scotland. St David's Day is 1 March, St Patrick's Day 17 March and St George's Day 23 April."},{"s":"patron-saints-day-official-holiday","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO parts of the UK give people an official holiday on their patron saint's day?","o":["Scotland","Northern Ireland","England","Wales"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Only Scotland and Northern Ireland make their saint's day an official holiday, though in Scotland some businesses stay open. England and Wales still celebrate theirs with parades and festivals."},{"s":"st-patricks-day-country","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: St Patrick's Day, on 17 March, is the patron saint's day of Wales.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"St Patrick's Day on 17 March belongs to Northern Ireland. The patron saint's day of Wales is St David's Day on 1 March."},{"s":"boxing-day-after-christmas","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is the public holiday on the day after Christmas Day called?","o":["Boxing Day","Easter Monday","Shrove Tuesday","Hogmanay"],"a":[0],"e":"Boxing Day follows Christmas Day (25 December), and both are public holidays."},{"s":"traditional-christmas-meal-foods","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO foods are often part of the special meal eaten on Christmas Day?","o":["Roast turkey","Mince pies","Pancakes","Chocolate eggs"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Typical dishes are roast turkey, mince pies and Christmas pudding. Pancakes belong to Shrove Tuesday and chocolate eggs to Easter."},{"s":"lent-length-in-days","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Lent is the period before Easter when Christians reflect and prepare. How many days does it last?","o":["5","8","30","40"],"a":[3],"e":"Lent covers the 40 days before Easter. People traditionally fasted then, and today many give up something, such as a favourite food."},{"s":"shrove-tuesday-pancakes-reason","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Why were pancakes traditionally made on Shrove Tuesday?","o":["To use up food before fasting","To celebrate the birth of Jesus","To be a symbol of new life","To mark the start of winter"],"a":[0],"e":"Shrove Tuesday, or Pancake Day, is the day before Lent. Pancakes used up foods like eggs, fat and milk before the fasting period began. Chocolate eggs stand for new life at Easter."},{"s":"lent-begins-ash-wednesday","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Lent begins on Shrove Tuesday.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Shrove Tuesday is the day before; Lent starts on Ash Wednesday, when Christians may be marked with a cross of ash on the forehead."},{"s":"diwali-festival-of-lights","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which festival, lasting five days in October or November, is widely known as the Festival of Lights?","o":["Diwali","Vaisakhi","Eid al-Fitr","Eid ul Adha"],"a":[0],"e":"Diwali celebrates good beating evil, and gaining knowledge. Leicester holds a famous Diwali celebration."},{"s":"diwali-celebrated-by","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO religious groups celebrate Diwali?","o":["Hindus","Sikhs","Muslims","Jews"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Diwali is a Hindu and Sikh festival. Muslims celebrate the two Eids, and Jews celebrate Hannukah."},{"s":"hannukah-length-in-days","c":4,"k":"single","q":"For how many days is the Jewish festival of Hannukah celebrated?","o":["3","5","8","40"],"a":[2],"e":"Hannukah, in November or December, lasts eight days. A candle is lit each day on a menorah, recalling oil meant for one day that burned for eight."},{"s":"eid-al-fitr-end-of-ramadan","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What does Eid al-Fitr celebrate?","o":["The end of Ramadan","The founding of the Khalsa","The prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son","The Jewish struggle for religious freedom"],"a":[0],"e":"Eid al-Fitr follows a month of fasting by Muslims during Ramadan. Its date moves every year, and Muslims go to special services and meals."},{"s":"eid-ul-adha-slaughterhouse-rule","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In Britain, an animal sacrificed for Eid ul Adha must be killed in a slaughterhouse.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Eid ul Adha recalls that Ibrahim was ready to sacrifice his son at God's command. Many Muslims kill an animal for food, which in Britain must happen in a slaughterhouse."},{"s":"vaisakhi-date","c":4,"k":"single","q":"On which date is the Sikh festival of Vaisakhi celebrated each year?","o":["1 April","14 April","14 February","11 November"],"a":[1],"e":"Vaisakhi (also written Baisakhi) falls on 14 April. It marks the start of the Sikh community called the Khalsa, with parades, dancing and singing."},{"s":"hogmanay-scotland-new-years-eve","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In Scotland, what is 31 December called?","o":["Hogmanay","Ash Wednesday","Boxing Day","Shrove Tuesday"],"a":[0],"e":"Scots call New Year's Eve Hogmanay. For some Scottish people it matters more than Christmas."},{"s":"scotland-2-january-holiday","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In Scotland, 2 January is a public holiday as well as 1 January.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. New Year's Day is a public holiday across the UK, and Scotland also has a public holiday on 2 January."},{"s":"april-fools-jokes-until-midday","c":4,"k":"single","q":"On April Fool's Day, 1 April, until what time do people traditionally play jokes on each other?","o":["Midday","6.00 pm","Midnight","11.00 am"],"a":[0],"e":"April Fool jokes are played only until midday. Newspapers and TV often run joke stories on that day."},{"s":"mothering-and-fathers-day-statements","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Father's Day falls on the third Sunday of June","Mothering Sunday is the Sunday three weeks after Easter"],"a":[0],"e":"Father's Day falls on the third Sunday in June. Mothering Sunday comes three weeks before Easter, not after it; on both days children send cards or give gifts."},{"s":"halloween-traditions","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are Halloween traditions?","o":["Dressing up in frightening costumes for 'trick or treat'","Carving lanterns from pumpkins","Sending anonymous cards to someone you secretly admire","Wearing red poppies"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Halloween (31 October) comes from a pagan festival marking the start of winter. Anonymous cards belong to Valentine's Day and poppies to Remembrance Day."},{"s":"bonfire-night-origin-year","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Bonfire Night on 5 November has its origin in a failed plot to blow up Parliament in which year?","o":["1588","1605","1642","1688"],"a":[1],"e":"In 1605 Guy Fawkes led a Catholic group that tried, and failed, to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill the Protestant king."},{"s":"remembrance-day-two-minute-silence","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: On Remembrance Day, 11 November, a two-minute silence is held at 11.00 am.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The day remembers people killed while fighting for the UK and its allies; at first it honoured the First World War dead (the war ended on 11 November 1918). Wreaths are placed at the Cenotaph."},{"s":"bank-holidays-times-of-year","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are times of year when the UK has bank holidays without religious meaning?","o":["The beginning of May","August","Early March","Late October"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Bank holidays fall at the start of May, at the end of May or start of June, and in August. Northern Ireland also has a holiday in July for the Battle of the Boyne anniversary."},{"s":"olympics-2012-main-site-stratford","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Where was the main site of the 2012 Olympic Games?","o":["Stratford, East London","Wembley, London","Aintree, near Liverpool","Newmarket, Suffolk"],"a":[0],"e":"The main site of the 2012 Olympics was in Stratford, in the east of London. The Paralympic Games that year were held in London too."},{"s":"uk-olympic-games-host-years","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these years are years when the UK hosted the Olympic Games?","o":["1908","1948","1966","1984"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The UK has been the Olympic host three times: in 1908, 1948 and 2012. In 1966 England won the football World Cup, and 1984 is when Torvill and Dean won Olympic gold."},{"s":"british-team-third-2012-medal-table","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: At the 2012 Olympic Games, the British team finished third in the medal table.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"British athletes did well in many different Olympic sports in 2012 and ended up third in the table of medals."},{"s":"paralympics-origin-ludwig-guttman","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Whose work at Stoke Mandeville hospital in Buckinghamshire is the origin of the Paralympic Games?","o":["Sir Ludwig Guttman","Sir Roger Bannister","Sir Francis Chichester","Sir Steve Redgrave"],"a":[0],"e":"Sir Ludwig Guttman, a doctor and refugee from Germany, found new ways to treat patients with spinal injuries and got them involved in sport and exercise."},{"s":"roger-bannister-four-minute-mile","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Sir Roger Bannister become the first man to run a mile in less than four minutes?","o":["1948","1954","1966","1984"],"a":[1],"e":"Roger Bannister ran a mile in less than four minutes in 1954, the first man anywhere to do so."},{"s":"bobby-moore-1966-world-cup-captain","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Who captained England's football team to victory in the 1966 World Cup?","o":["Bobby Moore","Sir Ian Botham","Sir Steve Redgrave","Sir Roger Bannister"],"a":[0],"e":"Bobby Moore led the England side to World Cup victory in 1966. That tournament was held in the UK."},{"s":"ian-botham-captained-cricket-team","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Sir Ian Botham was captain of the English football team.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Ian Botham captained the English cricket team, not the football team, and set English Test records with both bat and ball."},{"s":"steve-redgrave-rowing-five-olympics","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which sport did Sir Steve Redgrave win gold medals at five Olympic Games in a row?","o":["Rowing","Cycling","Sailing","Swimming"],"a":[0],"e":"Steve Redgrave won rowing gold at five Olympic Games one after another. He is counted among Britain's greatest Olympians."},{"s":"tanni-grey-thompson-achievements","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are achievements of Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson?","o":["She was first in the London Marathon six times","She won 11 Paralympic gold medals","She won Olympic gold for ice dancing","She sailed alone around the world"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Tanni Grey-Thompson, a wheelchair athlete, took 16 Paralympic medals (11 of them gold) over five Games and was first in the London Marathon six times. Ice dancing gold went to Torvill and Dean."},{"s":"bradley-wiggins-tour-de-france-2012","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In 2012, who became the first British winner of the Tour de France?","o":["Bradley Wiggins","Sir Chris Hoy","Mo Farah","Andy Murray"],"a":[0],"e":"The cyclist Bradley Wiggins won the Tour de France in 2012, a first for a British rider. He also won Olympic gold in 2004, 2008 and 2012."},{"s":"mo-farah-facts","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these statements about Mo Farah are correct?","o":["He was born in Somalia","He won Olympic gold in the 10,000 metres in 2012","He won the Tour de France in 2012","He won Olympic gold in the heptathlon in 2012"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Mo Farah, a distance runner born in Somalia, took gold in both the 5,000 m and 10,000 m races in 2012. Wiggins won the Tour de France and Jessica Ennis the heptathlon."},{"s":"andy-murray-grand-slam-since-1936","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. No British man had taken a Grand Slam singles title since which year?","o":["1908","1936","1948","1966"],"a":[1],"e":"No British man had won a Grand Slam singles title since 1936. In 2012 Murray also won Olympic gold and silver and reached the Wimbledon final."},{"s":"ellie-simmonds-paralympic-sport","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Ellie Simmonds won her Paralympic gold medals in cycling.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Ellie Simmonds won Paralympic gold in swimming, in 2008 and 2012. Nobody in the British team at the 2008 Games was younger than her."},{"s":"ashes-england-australia","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The Ashes is a series of cricket Test matches between England and which country?","o":["Australia","India","South Africa","New Zealand"],"a":[0],"e":"The Ashes is the best-known cricket competition. Cricket started in England and games can go on for as long as five days."},{"s":"rugby-union-and-league","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Rugby has two different types with different rules. Which TWO are they?","o":["Union","League","Premier","Grand Slam"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Rugby began in England early in the 19th century. Union and league are played under different rules, and each has its own leagues and national teams."},{"s":"six-nations-rugby-union-competition","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which is the best-known rugby union competition?","o":["The Six Nations Championship","The Super League","The Ashes","The Open Championship"],"a":[0],"e":"England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France and Italy take part in the Six Nations, while the Super League is the best-known rugby league club competition."},{"s":"national-horseracing-museum-newmarket","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Where is the National Horseracing Museum?","o":["Newmarket, Suffolk","Ascot, Berkshire","Aintree, near Liverpool","Ayr, Scotland"],"a":[0],"e":"The museum is in Newmarket in Suffolk. Ascot, Aintree and Ayr host famous race meetings: Royal Ascot, the Grand National and the Scottish Grand National."},{"s":"st-andrews-home-of-golf","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which Scottish town is called the home of golf?","o":["St Andrews","Ayr","Edinburgh","Glasgow"],"a":[0],"e":"St Andrews is called the home of golf. The modern game goes back to Scotland in the 15th century."},{"s":"open-championship-same-course","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Open Championship is played on the same golf course every year.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"A different golf course hosts The Open each year. It is the only 'Major' golf tournament that takes place outside the United States."},{"s":"first-tennis-club-leamington-spa","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Where was the first tennis club founded, in 1872?","o":["Leamington Spa","Wimbledon","St Andrews","Cowes"],"a":[0],"e":"Modern tennis took shape in England towards the end of the 19th century, and the first club was set up in Leamington Spa in 1872."},{"s":"wimbledon-grand-slam-on-grass","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Wimbledon is the only 'Grand Slam' tennis event that is played on grass.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Wimbledon, held annually at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, is also the oldest tennis tournament anywhere."},{"s":"first-solo-sail-around-world","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["In 1966/67 Sir Francis Chichester became the first to sail alone round the world","In 1966/67 Sir Robin Knox-Johnston was the first to sail alone round the world"],"a":[0],"e":"Chichester was the first solo round-the-world sailor. Two years later Knox-Johnston was first to do it without a stop."},{"s":"oxford-cambridge-boat-race-thames","c":4,"k":"single","q":"On which river do Oxford and Cambridge Universities hold a popular rowing race every year?","o":["The Thames","The Severn","The Clyde","The Tyne"],"a":[0],"e":"Rowing is popular both for leisure and as a competitive sport, and the yearly Oxford against Cambridge race takes place on the Thames."},{"s":"british-formula-1-world-champions","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these people have been Formula 1 world champion?","o":["Sir Jackie Stewart","Lewis Hamilton","Sir Chris Hoy","Bradley Wiggins"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Jackie Stewart, a Scottish driver, was world champion three times, and Lewis Hamilton is one of the more recent British winners. Hoy and Wiggins are cyclists."},{"s":"longest-dry-ski-slope-edinburgh","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Europe's longest dry ski slope is near which city?","o":["Edinburgh","Cardiff","Belfast","Manchester"],"a":[0],"e":"There are dry ski slopes across the UK, and the longest in Europe is close to Edinburgh. Scotland also has five ski centres."},{"s":"proms-run-by-bbc-since","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Since which year has the BBC organised the Proms, the summer season of orchestral classical concerts?","o":["1927","1952","1968","1984"],"a":[0],"e":"The BBC has run the Proms since 1927. The season lasts eight weeks, and its best-known concert, the Last Night of the Proms, is shown on television."},{"s":"purcell-organist-westminster-abbey","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Henry Purcell, who developed a distinctly British style of music, was the organist at which church?","o":["Westminster Abbey","St Paul's Cathedral","Durham Cathedral","Canterbury Cathedral"],"a":[0],"e":"Purcell (1659-95) played the organ at Westminster Abbey. He composed church music and operas, and British composers are still influenced by him."},{"s":"handel-pieces-written-for-kings","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO pieces did George Frederick Handel write for British kings?","o":["Water Music","Music for the Royal Fireworks","The Planets","Façade"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Handel composed the Water Music for George I and Music for the Royal Fireworks for George II. The Planets is by Holst and Façade is by Walton."},{"s":"handel-british-citizen-1727","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The composer Handel was born in Germany and gained British citizenship in 1727.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Handel lived in the UK for many years and took British citizenship in 1727. His oratorio Messiah is often sung by choirs around Easter."},{"s":"holst-jupiter-hymn-tune","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The popular hymn I vow to thee my country uses a tune adapted from which piece?","o":["Holst's Jupiter","Elgar's Land of Hope and Glory","Handel's Water Music","Walton's Façade"],"a":[0],"e":"Gustav Holst adapted Jupiter, part of his suite The Planets, as the tune of this hymn. The Planets has one piece for each planet of the solar system."},{"s":"pomp-and-circumstance-composer","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Pomp and Circumstance Marches were written by Benjamin Britten.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. They are by Sir Edward Elgar, who was born in Worcester. March No 1, Land of Hope and Glory, is normally heard at the Last Night of the Proms."},{"s":"vaughan-williams-english-folk-music","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which composer, who wrote for orchestras and choirs, was deeply shaped by the old folk music of England?","o":["Ralph Vaughan Williams","George Frederick Handel","Sir William Walton","Henry Purcell"],"a":[0],"e":"Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) composed for orchestras and choirs, and old English folk music had a strong effect on his work."},{"s":"walton-best-known-works","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are among the best-known works of Sir William Walton?","o":["Façade","Balthazar's Feast","Peter Grimes","Messiah"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Walton's Façade was turned into a ballet, and Balthazar's Feast is written for a big choir. Peter Grimes is an opera by Britten and Messiah is by Handel."},{"s":"britten-founded-aldeburgh-festival","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which music festival, still an event of international importance, was founded by Benjamin Britten?","o":["The Aldeburgh festival","The Glastonbury festival","The Edinburgh Festival","The National Eisteddfod"],"a":[0],"e":"Britten started the Aldeburgh festival in Suffolk. He is best known for operas such as Peter Grimes and Billy Budd."},{"s":"walton-coronation-marches-statements","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Sir William Walton composed coronation marches for George VI and Elizabeth II","Handel composed the Water Music for George II"],"a":[0],"e":"Walton composed coronation marches for both George VI and Elizabeth II. Handel's Water Music was for George I; it was the Royal Fireworks music that he wrote for George II."},{"s":"national-eisteddfod-country","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The National Eisteddfod, a yearly festival of music, dance, art and poetry competitions, is held in which country?","o":["Wales","Scotland","Northern Ireland","England"],"a":[0],"e":"The National Eisteddfod of Wales takes place every year. Most of its performances are in Welsh, and it holds major competitions for Welsh poetry."},{"s":"boy-and-girl-bands-decade","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Boy and girl bands became a trend in British pop in the 1960s.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Boy and girl bands were a trend of the 1990s. The 1960s brought bands such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, and Punk followed in the late 1970s."},{"s":"mousetrap-play-author","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Who wrote The Mousetrap, the murder-mystery play running in London's West End since 1952?","o":["Dame Agatha Christie","Harold Pinter","Evelyn Waugh","Graham Greene"],"a":[0],"e":"The Mousetrap is by Agatha Christie. It opened in the West End in 1952 and its original run is longer than that of any other show."},{"s":"gilbert-and-sullivan-comic-operas","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are comic operas by Gilbert and Sullivan?","o":["HMS Pinafore","The Mikado","Evita","Cats"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Gilbert and Sullivan's 19th-century comic operas include HMS Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. Evita and Cats are shows with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber."},{"s":"pantomime-dame-character","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In a British pantomime, what is the Dame?","o":["A female character played by a man","A male character played by a woman","An animal played by two actors in one costume","The theatre's director"],"a":[0],"e":"The Dame is a traditional pantomime role: a woman acted by a man. Pantomimes often also have a horse or cow with two actors inside one costume."},{"s":"pantomime-season-of-year","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Many British theatres put on a pantomime in the summer.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Pantomimes are a Christmas tradition. They are cheerful family shows with music and comedy, based on fairy tales."},{"s":"edinburgh-fringe-main-content","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is mainly a showcase of what?","o":["Theatre and comedy","Classical orchestral music","Garden design","Contemporary painting"],"a":[0],"e":"The Fringe is the largest part of the Edinburgh Festival, held every summer. It shows mostly theatre and comedy, often experimental."},{"s":"laurence-olivier-shakespeare-roles","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Sir Laurence Olivier, after whom the yearly London theatre awards are named, was best known for roles in Shakespeare plays.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The Laurence Olivier Awards, held each year in London, honour the actor, later Lord Olivier, famous for his Shakespeare roles."},{"s":"holbein-van-dyck-centuries","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Hans Holbein and Sir Anthony Van Dyck came from abroad to paint in Britain. In which centuries did they work there?","o":["14th and 15th","16th and 17th","18th and 19th","19th and 20th"],"a":[1],"e":"During the 16th and 17th centuries many painters active in Britain were foreign, Holbein and Van Dyck among them. British portrait and landscape artists became famous from the 18th century."},{"s":"middle-ages-art-religious-theme","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the Middle Ages, most art in Britain had a religious theme.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Medieval art was mostly religious, such as church wall paintings and pictures in religious books. Much of it disappeared after the Protestant Reformation."},{"s":"turner-prize-established-year","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Turner Prize for contemporary art established?","o":["1927","1952","1968","1984"],"a":[3],"e":"The Turner Prize began in 1984 and is named after the painter Joseph Turner. It is seen as one of Europe's most prestigious visual art awards."},{"s":"turner-prize-past-winners","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO people are past winners of the Turner Prize?","o":["Damien Hirst","Richard Wright","Ian McEwan","Hilary Mantel"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Damien Hirst and Richard Wright have won the Turner Prize for contemporary art. Ian McEwan and Hilary Mantel are novelists who won a prize for fiction."},{"s":"constable-dedham-vale-paintings","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which landscape painter is most famous for his pictures of Dedham Vale, where Suffolk meets Essex?","o":["John Constable","Thomas Gainsborough","David Allan","Sir John Lavery"],"a":[0],"e":"John Constable (1776-1837) painted landscapes, and his best-known works show Dedham Vale in the east of England."},{"s":"david-allan-nationality","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: David Allan, painter of The Origin of Painting, was a Welsh artist.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. David Allan (1744-96) was Scottish and best known for his portraits. The Welsh artist in the list is John Petts, known for engravings and stained glass."},{"s":"pre-raphaelites-group-members","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO artists belonged to the Pre-Raphaelites?","o":["Holman Hunt","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Lucian Freud","David Hockney"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Pre-Raphaelites, active in the later 19th century, painted detailed, brightly coloured religious or literary scenes. Members included Holman Hunt, Rossetti and Sir John Millais."},{"s":"hockney-pop-art-movement","c":4,"k":"single","q":"David Hockney was an important contributor to which art movement of the 1960s?","o":["Pop art","The Pre-Raphaelites","Art Deco","The gothic revival"],"a":[0],"e":"Hockney, born in 1937, played a big part in 1960s pop art and is still influential."},{"s":"joseph-turner-landscape-painting","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Joseph Turner is credited with making portrait painting more highly regarded.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Turner (1775-1851) painted landscapes in a modern style and had great influence; he is credited with lifting the status of landscape painting."},{"s":"white-tower-built-for-whom","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The White Tower, part of the Tower of London, is a Norman castle keep. Who ordered it to be built?","o":["William the Conqueror","Alfred the Great","Henry VIII","Elizabeth I"],"a":[0],"e":"The White Tower is a Norman keep, built because William the Conqueror ordered it."},{"s":"inigo-jones-queens-house","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which 17th-century architect designed the Queen's House at Greenwich and the Banqueting House in Whitehall?","o":["Inigo Jones","Sir Christopher Wren","Robert Adam","Sir Edwin Lutyens"],"a":[0],"e":"Inigo Jones drew on classical architecture for both buildings. Later that century Wren worked on the new St Paul's Cathedral."},{"s":"robert-adam-dumfries-house","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The Scottish architect Robert Adam designed both the building and the interior of which great house?","o":["Dumfries House","The Queen's House","The Banqueting House","Hardwick Hall"],"a":[0],"e":"In the 18th century Robert Adam designed the inside as well as the structure of houses like Dumfries House. Inigo Jones designed the Queen's House and the Banqueting House."},{"s":"gothic-revival-19th-century-statements","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["The Houses of Parliament and St Pancras Station date from the 19th century and are in the gothic style","The Houses of Parliament and St Pancras Station date from the 18th century and are in a simple style"],"a":[0],"e":"The medieval gothic style came back in the 19th century, when many large public buildings went up, including town halls in Manchester and Sheffield."},{"s":"lutyens-cenotaph-whitehall","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Sir Edwin Lutyens was responsible for the Cenotaph in Whitehall.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. After the First World War Lutyens designed many war memorials around the world, including the Cenotaph, where the yearly Remembrance Day service is held. He also designed New Delhi as India's seat of government."},{"s":"capability-brown-landscaped-grounds","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What did Lancelot 'Capability' Brown design in the 18th century?","o":["Natural-looking grounds for country houses","Furniture for great houses","Art Deco ceramics for homes","Stained glass for churches"],"a":[0],"e":"Brown laid out the land around country houses with grass, trees and lakes so it looked natural. He liked to say a place had 'capabilities'."},{"s":"gertrude-jekyll-garden-partner","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Gertrude Jekyll often worked with Sir Christopher Wren, designing gardens around his buildings.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Jekyll frequently partnered with Edwin Lutyens, creating colourful gardens for the houses he designed."},{"s":"british-fashion-designers","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are leading British fashion designers of recent years?","o":["Mary Quant","Vivienne Westwood","Clarice Cliff","Gertrude Jekyll"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Mary Quant, Vivienne Westwood and Alexander McQueen are recent fashion designers. Clarice Cliff designed Art Deco ceramics and Gertrude Jekyll designed gardens."},{"s":"tolkien-best-loved-novel-2003","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Who wrote The Lord of the Rings, chosen in a 2003 vote as the UK's favourite novel?","o":["JRR Tolkien","Charles Dickens","Jane Austen","J K Rowling"],"a":[0],"e":"In a 2003 vote, Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings was chosen as the UK's favourite novel."},{"s":"jane-austen-novels","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which English novelist wrote Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility?","o":["Jane Austen","Agatha Christie","Thomas Hardy","Evelyn Waugh"],"a":[0],"e":"Jane Austen (1775-1817) wrote about marriage and family life. Many of her books have been adapted for film and television."},{"s":"dickens-micawber-meaning","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In everyday speech, calling someone 'a Mr Micawber', after the Dickens character, means they are mean with money.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. Mr Micawber stands for someone who is always hopeful. The Dickens character whose name means a mean person is Scrooge."},{"s":"robert-louis-stevenson-books","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO books were written by Robert Louis Stevenson?","o":["Treasure Island","Kidnapped","Lucky Jim","Jude the Obscure"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Stevenson's best-known books are Treasure Island, Kidnapped and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Lucky Jim is by Kingsley Amis and Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy."},{"s":"thomas-hardy-rural-novels","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which author and poet wrote Far from the Madding Crowd, a novel about rural society?","o":["Thomas Hardy","Charles Dickens","Sir Kingsley Amis","Graham Greene"],"a":[0],"e":"Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is best known for novels about country life, such as Far from the Madding Crowd and Jude the Obscure."},{"s":"conan-doyle-sherlock-holmes","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which fictional character did the Scottish doctor and writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle create?","o":["Sherlock Holmes","James Bond","Mr Micawber","Harry Potter"],"a":[0],"e":"Conan Doyle is best known for his Sherlock Holmes stories. Holmes was one of the earliest detectives in fiction."},{"s":"evelyn-waugh-brideshead-revisited","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The most famous novel of Evelyn Waugh, a satirical writer, is probably Brideshead Revisited.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Waugh's satirical novels include Decline and Fall and Scoop, but Brideshead Revisited is probably his most famous."},{"s":"graham-greene-novels","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO novels were written by Graham Greene?","o":["Brighton Rock","Our Man in Havana","Decline and Fall","Scoop"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Greene's novels, often shaped by his religious beliefs, include Brighton Rock, Our Man in Havana and The Heart of the Matter. Decline and Fall and Scoop are by Evelyn Waugh."},{"s":"beowulf-anglo-saxon-poem","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which Anglo-Saxon poem tells of a hero who fights monsters?","o":["Beowulf","Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","The Canterbury Tales","Paradise Lost"],"a":[0],"e":"Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon poem about a hero battling monsters. It is still being translated into modern English."},{"s":"middle-ages-surviving-poems","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO poems have survived from the Middle Ages?","o":["The Canterbury Tales","Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","Paradise Lost","The Tyger"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (a tale of one of King Arthur's knights) are medieval. Paradise Lost is by Milton and The Tyger by William Blake."},{"s":"sonnet-number-of-lines","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: A sonnet, a type of poem Shakespeare wrote many of, must be 14 lines long.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. A sonnet always has 14 lines. Besides his plays, Shakespeare wrote many sonnets and a few longer poems."},{"s":"john-milton-paradise-lost","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which poet, inspired by his religious views as Protestant ideas spread, wrote Paradise Lost?","o":["John Milton","William Wordsworth","John Keats","Ted Hughes"],"a":[0],"e":"As Protestant ideas spread, some poets wrote about their faith. John Milton was one of them, and Paradise Lost is his work."},{"s":"walter-scott-scotland-poems","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What mainly inspired the poems of Sir Walter Scott?","o":["Scotland and the songs of the border area","His time fighting in the First World War","His Protestant religious views","The beauty of nature"],"a":[0],"e":"Scott's poems drew on Scotland and the old stories and songs of the Scottish-English border. Owen and Sassoon wrote about the war, Milton about faith, and Wordsworth about nature."},{"s":"wilfred-owen-war-poetry-statements","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon based poems on what they lived through in the First World War","Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon were 19th-century poets inspired mainly by nature"],"a":[0],"e":"Owen and Sassoon were poets of the First World War. Wordsworth is the poet named as being inspired by nature."},{"s":"nineteenth-century-poets","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO were poets of the 19th century, when poetry was very popular?","o":["John Keats","Lord Byron","Ted Hughes","Sir John Betjeman"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Keats, Byron, Shelley, Tennyson, Blake and the Brownings wrote in the 19th century. Ted Hughes and John Betjeman are more recent poets."},{"s":"allotment-rented-land-for-growing","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Some people in the UK rent an extra piece of land to grow fruit and vegetables. What is this land called?","o":["An allotment","A garden centre","A biome","A national park"],"a":[0],"e":"An allotment is land that people rent on top of any garden they have at home, usually so they can grow their own fruit and vegetables."},{"s":"famous-gardens-in-scotland","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these famous gardens are in Scotland?","o":["Crathes Castle","Inveraray Castle","Sissinghurst","Mount Stewart"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Crathes Castle and Inveraray Castle are well-known Scottish gardens. Sissinghurst is in England and Mount Stewart is in Northern Ireland."},{"s":"most-shops-open-seven-days","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Most shops in the UK open every day of the week, but often for a shorter time on Sundays and on public holidays.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Most UK shops trade seven days a week. They usually close earlier, or open later, on Sundays and public holidays."},{"s":"haggis-traditional-scottish-food","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Haggis is a traditional food of which part of the UK?","o":["Scotland","Wales","England","Northern Ireland"],"a":[0],"e":"Haggis, a sheep's stomach filled with offal, onions, suet and oatmeal, is linked with Scotland. Wales has Welsh cakes and Northern Ireland the Ulster fry."},{"s":"traditional-english-foods","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO foods are traditionally associated with England?","o":["Roast beef","Fish and chips","Haggis","Ulster fry"],"a":[0,1],"e":"England is linked with roast beef, eaten with potatoes, vegetables and Yorkshire puddings, and fish and chips are popular there too. Haggis is Scottish and the Ulster fry comes from Northern Ireland."},{"s":"films-first-shown-publicly-year","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which year were films first shown to the public in the UK?","o":["1856","1896","1926","1946"],"a":[1],"e":"Public film showings in the UK began in 1896, and going to the cinema soon became very popular."},{"s":"charlie-chaplin-tramp-character","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which British actor became famous in silent films for playing a tramp?","o":["Charlie Chaplin","David Niven","Richard Burton","Colin Firth"],"a":[0],"e":"Charlie Chaplin made his name in silent films as a tramp. Like many other British actors, he built a career in Hollywood."},{"s":"hitchcock-moved-to-hollywood","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Sir Alfred Hitchcock moved to Hollywood and was still a major director when he died in 1980.","Sir Alfred Hitchcock never worked outside Britain and stopped making films in the 1930s."],"a":[0],"e":"Hitchcock was one of the leading directors when British studios did well in the 1930s. He later went to Hollywood and kept his importance as a director until 1980, the year he died."},{"s":"in-which-we-serve-wartime-morale","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which British film helped to raise people's spirits during the Second World War?","o":["In Which We Serve","Passport to Pimlico","Chariots of Fire","Lawrence of Arabia"],"a":[0],"e":"In the Second World War, British films such as In Which We Serve did a lot to keep up morale. Passport to Pimlico was a later comedy, and the other two came out in 1962 and 1981."},{"s":"british-comedy-films-1950s-1960s","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO films were British comedies from the 1950s and 1960s?","o":["Passport to Pimlico","The Ladykillers","The Killing Fields","Touching the Void"],"a":[0,1],"e":"British comedy films reached a high point in the 1950s and 1960s with titles such as Passport to Pimlico and The Ladykillers, with the Carry On films coming later. The Killing Fields is from 1984 and Touching the Void from 2003."},{"s":"ealing-studios-oldest-studio-claim","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Ealing Studios can claim to be the world's oldest film studio facility that has never stopped working.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Ealing Studios is said to have the longest unbroken record of any film studio anywhere. Many films made in the UK today are produced by foreign companies using British skills."},{"s":"nick-park-wallace-and-gromit","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Nick Park has won Oscars for animated films. Which characters appear in several of them?","o":["Wallace and Gromit","Morecambe and Wise","Harry Potter","James Bond"],"a":[0],"e":"Nick Park's work shows British strength in animation, and several of his Oscar-winning films feature Wallace and Gromit. Harry Potter and James Bond are film series made in the UK."},{"s":"bafta-british-equivalent-of-oscars","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which yearly film awards are the UK's equivalent of the Oscars?","o":["The British Academy Film Awards","The Ealing Studios Awards","The Royal Film Medals","The London Cinema Prizes"],"a":[0],"e":"The British Academy Film Awards are held every year by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and are the UK's answer to the Oscars."},{"s":"david-lean-directed-films","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these famous British films were directed by David Lean?","o":["Brief Encounter","Lawrence of Arabia","The Third Man","Chariots of Fire"],"a":[0,1],"e":"David Lean made Brief Encounter (1945) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962). The Third Man was directed by Carol Reed and Chariots of Fire by Hugh Hudson."},{"s":"the-third-man-director","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Third Man (1949) was directed by Alfred Hitchcock.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Carol Reed directed The Third Man. Among the famous British films listed, the one by Hitchcock is The 39 Steps from 1935."},{"s":"punch-magazine-first-published","c":4,"k":"single","q":"When was the satirical magazine Punch first published?","o":["In the 1740s","In the 1840s","In the 1900s","In the 1960s"],"a":[1],"e":"Satirical magazines started to appear in the 19th century. The best known of them, Punch, first came out in the 1840s."},{"s":"satirical-magazines-punch-private-eye","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are satirical magazines?","o":["Punch","Private Eye","Spitting Image","Coronation Street"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Punch was the most famous satirical magazine of the 19th century, and Private Eye keeps that tradition going today. Spitting Image was a satirical TV show and Coronation Street is a soap opera."},{"s":"music-hall-variety-theatre","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Music hall, a kind of variety theatre, was widespread in the UK until TV took over as the main entertainment.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Comedians were a big part of music hall. Morecambe and Wise, for example, performed in music halls during the 1940s and 1950s and later became TV stars."},{"s":"monty-python-flying-circus-year","c":4,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Monty Python's Flying Circus bring a new, progressive kind of comedy to British television?","o":["1949","1969","1989","1999"],"a":[1],"e":"Monty Python's Flying Circus began in 1969 and brought a new style of progressive comedy. Satire shows were also important, such as Spitting Image, shown in the 1980s and 1990s."},{"s":"tv-licence-shared-house","c":4,"k":"single","q":"People rent separate rooms in a shared house, each with their own tenancy agreement. How many TV licences are needed?","o":["One for each tenant","One for the whole house","One for each TV set","None, if the landlord has one"],"a":[0],"e":"Normally a single licence covers all the equipment in a home. When people rent separate rooms on separate tenancy agreements, each of them needs a licence."},{"s":"bbc-funded-by-tv-licences","c":4,"k":"single","q":"How is the BBC paid for?","o":["By money from TV licences","Mainly by advertisements","Mainly by subscriptions","By the National Lottery"],"a":[0],"e":"TV licence money funds the BBC, including its radio stations, and the BBC is independent of government. Most other UK channels rely mainly on advertising and subscriptions."},{"s":"minimum-age-buy-alcohol-pub","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is the minimum age for buying alcohol at a pub or night club in the UK?","o":["16","17","18","21"],"a":[2],"e":"Only people aged 18 or over can be sold alcohol in pubs and night clubs. Younger people may be let into some pubs if an adult is with them."},{"s":"drink-with-meal-at-sixteen","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: A 16-year-old may drink beer or wine alongside a meal in a restaurant if a person aged over 18 is with them.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"From 16, people may have beer or wine alongside a meal in a restaurant or hotel, including a pub's dining area, if accompanied by someone aged over 18."},{"s":"betting-shops-minimum-age","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is the minimum age for going into a betting shop or gambling club?","o":["16","17","18","21"],"a":[2],"e":"Betting shops and gambling clubs are only open to people aged 18 or over. Betting on sports and other events is a common pastime in the UK."},{"s":"dog-collar-owner-name-address","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In public places, every dog must wear a collar showing its owner's name and address.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Dogs in public must have a collar with the owner's name and address. The owner must also keep the dog under control and clean up after it."},{"s":"big-ben-great-bell-nickname","c":4,"k":"single","q":"What is Big Ben strictly the nickname of?","o":["The great bell of the Parliament clock","The tower that holds the Parliament clock","The Ferris wheel on the River Thames","The main gate of the Tower of London"],"a":[0],"e":"Big Ben is the nickname of the great bell in the clock at the Houses of Parliament, though many people use it for the clock too. The tower itself is called Elizabeth Tower."},{"s":"elizabeth-tower-diamond-jubilee","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament was named Elizabeth Tower to mark the 2012 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The tower that holds Big Ben was given the name Elizabeth Tower in honour of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 2012."},{"s":"eden-project-location-cornwall","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Where is the Eden Project?","o":["Cornwall","Edinburgh","North Wales","The Lake District"],"a":[0],"e":"The Eden Project is in Cornwall, in south-west England. Its biomes work like huge greenhouses holding plants from around the world, and it is also a charity."},{"s":"giants-causeway-location","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Where is the Giant's Causeway?","o":["On Northern Ireland's north-east coast","In the west of Scotland","In North Wales","In south-west England"],"a":[0],"e":"The Giant's Causeway lies on Northern Ireland's north-east coast. Its columns were made from volcanic lava around 50 million years ago."},{"s":"loch-lomond-largest-fresh-water","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which is the biggest body of fresh water on mainland Britain?","o":["Loch Lomond","Windermere","Wastwater","Ullswater"],"a":[0],"e":"Loch Lomond, in a national park in the west of Scotland, is the largest stretch of fresh water in mainland Britain. Windermere is the biggest stretch of water in the Lake District."},{"s":"london-eye-built-for-millennium","c":4,"k":"single","q":"The London Eye was first built as part of which celebration?","o":["The new millennium","The 2012 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II","The coronation of 1953","The founding of the National Trust"],"a":[0],"e":"The London Eye, a 135-metre Ferris wheel on the south bank of the Thames, was built for the UK's millennium celebrations and is still part of New Year events."},{"s":"tower-of-london-first-built","c":4,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["William the Conqueror built the first Tower of London after he became king.","Henry VIII built the first Tower of London after he became king."],"a":[0],"e":"William the Conqueror built the first Tower of London once he had become king in 1066, not Henry VIII."},{"s":"tower-of-london-visitor-sights","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO things can visitors do at the Tower of London?","o":["Take a tour with the Yeoman Warders","See the Crown Jewels","See the great bell called Big Ben","Ride a Ferris wheel over the Thames"],"a":[0,1],"e":"At the Tower of London the Yeoman Warders, also called Beefeaters, give tours about its history, and the Crown Jewels are on show. Big Ben is at the Houses of Parliament and the Ferris wheel is the London Eye."},{"s":"national-trust-founded-1895","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Three volunteers set up the National Trust in 1895.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The National Trust began in 1895, started by three volunteers. Both it and its Scottish counterpart, the National Trust for Scotland, are charities that protect important buildings, coastline and countryside."},{"s":"edinburgh-castle-early-middle-ages","c":4,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Edinburgh Castle's long history begins in the early Middle Ages.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Edinburgh Castle stands out on the skyline of the Scottish capital, and its past reaches as far back as the early Middle Ages."},{"s":"lake-district-national-park-facts","c":4,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the Lake District are correct?","o":["It is England's largest national park","Windermere is its biggest stretch of water","Snowdon is its best-known landmark","Loch Lomond lies inside it"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Lake District is the biggest national park in England and is known for lakes and mountains; Windermere is its largest stretch of water. Snowdon is in Snowdonia, in Wales, and Loch Lomond is in Scotland."},{"s":"what-is-democracy","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is a democracy?","o":["A system of government in which the whole adult population has a say","A system of government in which only property owners have a say","A system of government in which the monarch alone makes decisions","A system of government in which judges choose the leaders"],"a":[0],"e":"In a democracy all adults have a say, either by voting directly or by electing representatives who decide for them."},{"s":"who-could-vote-early-19th-century","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about voting in Britain at the start of the 19th century are correct?","o":["Only men could vote","Voters had to own a certain amount of property","Women over 30 could vote","Every man over 21 could vote"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Around 1800 only a small group could vote: men aged over 21 who held a certain amount of property. Britain was not yet a democracy in today's sense."},{"s":"chartists-campaign-decades","c":5,"k":"single","q":"When did the Chartists campaign for political reform?","o":["In the 1790s and 1800s","In the 1830s and 1840s","In the 1880s and 1890s","In the 1910s and 1920s"],"a":[1],"e":"The Chartists were active in the 1830s and 1840s and pressed for six changes to the electoral system, such as a vote for every man."},{"s":"chartists-six-demands","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these were among the Chartists' demands?","o":["Secret ballots","Payment for MPs","Votes for women over 30","General Elections every five years"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Chartists wanted secret ballots and paid MPs, along with a vote for every man, yearly elections, equal regions and the right of any man to become an MP."},{"s":"chartists-annual-elections","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Chartists wanted elections to be held every five years.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. One of the six Chartist demands was for elections to take place every year."},{"s":"chartist-campaign-seen-as-failure","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: At the time, the Chartist campaign was widely seen as a success.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. People generally thought the campaign had failed, yet most of its reforms had been put in place by 1918."},{"s":"chartist-reforms-adopted-by-1918","c":5,"k":"single","q":"By which year had most of the reforms the Chartists asked for been adopted?","o":["1832","1918","1928","1969"],"a":[1],"e":"Although the Chartists seemed to have failed, most of their demands had become law by 1918."},{"s":"women-over-30-vote","c":5,"k":"single","q":"By 1918 the right to vote had been given to women over what age?","o":["18","21","25","30"],"a":[3],"e":"By 1918 women aged over 30 could vote. Ten years later the vote was extended to all men and women over 21."},{"s":"men-women-over-21-vote-1928","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year did men and women over 21 gain the right to vote?","o":["1918","1928","1945","1969"],"a":[1],"e":"In 1928 men and women aged over 21 were given the vote, after women over 30 had already gained it."},{"s":"voting-age-lowered-18-1969","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In 1969 the voting age for men and women was lowered to 18.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The voting age, which had been 21 since 1928, came down to 18 for both men and women in 1969."},{"s":"what-is-a-constitution","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is a constitution?","o":["The set of principles that decide how a country is run","A list of all members of Parliament","The speech that opens each session of Parliament","A court that hears serious criminal cases"],"a":[0],"e":"A constitution sets out the principles of government. It covers the institutions that run the country, how their power is limited, and laws and conventions."},{"s":"british-constitution-single-document","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The British constitution is set out in one single written document.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. No single document contains the British constitution, which is why it is called 'unwritten'."},{"s":"uk-no-revolution-new-system","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Unlike America and France, the UK has never had a revolution that permanently replaced its whole system of government.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. This is the main reason the UK has no single constitutional document: its key institutions grew over hundreds of years instead."},{"s":"views-on-unwritten-constitution","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Everyone in the UK agrees that the constitution should stay unwritten","People disagree about whether the UK should have a single written constitution"],"a":[1],"e":"Opinion is divided. Some would like one written document; others say an unwritten constitution gives more flexibility and better government."},{"s":"main-parts-of-uk-government","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are listed in the handbook among the main parts of government in the UK?","o":["The civil service","Local government","The Commonwealth","National newspapers"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The handbook's list covers the monarchy, Parliament, the Prime Minister and cabinet, the courts (judiciary), the police, the civil service and local government."},{"s":"devolved-governments-make-laws","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which parts of the UK have devolved governments with the power to make laws on certain issues?","o":["Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland","England, Scotland and Wales","England and Wales only","Northern Ireland only"],"a":[0],"e":"Besides the main UK institutions, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have a devolved government that can legislate in some areas."},{"s":"constitutional-monarchy-meaning","c":5,"k":"single","q":"The UK is a constitutional monarchy. What does the king or queen do in this system?","o":["Appoints the government that the people have chosen in an election","Rules the country and makes government policy","Chooses the MP for each constituency","Chairs Commons debates"],"a":[0],"e":"In a constitutional monarchy the monarch does not rule. The king or queen appoints the government that voters picked in a democratic election."},{"s":"monarch-invites-prime-minister","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who does the monarch invite to become Prime Minister?","o":["The head of the largest party in the Commons, or of a coalition","The MP who has served the longest","The person chosen by the House of Lords","The Speaker of the House of Commons"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch asks the head of the largest party in the Commons, or whoever leads a coalition of parties, to become Prime Minister."},{"s":"monarch-meetings-with-prime-minister","c":5,"k":"single","q":"When the monarch meets the Prime Minister regularly, what can he or she do?","o":["Advise, warn and encourage","Decide the government's policies","Dismiss MPs from Parliament","Pass new laws alone"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch may advise, warn and encourage the Prime Minister, but it is the Prime Minister and cabinet who decide government policy."},{"s":"elizabeth-ii-reign-began","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year did Elizabeth II become queen, after the death of her father?","o":["1936","1945","1952","1966"],"a":[2],"e":"Elizabeth II's reign began in 1952 when her father died. Sixty years later, in 2012, she marked her Diamond Jubilee."},{"s":"elizabeth-ii-diamond-jubilee-2012","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In 2012 Queen Elizabeth II celebrated her Diamond Jubilee, marking 60 years as queen.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Her reign began in 1952, so 2012 marked 60 years on the throne, celebrated as the Diamond Jubilee."},{"s":"elizabeth-ii-husband","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who was Queen Elizabeth II married to?","o":["Prince Philip","Prince Albert","William of Orange","Prince Rupert"],"a":[0],"e":"Elizabeth II, who became queen in 1952 after her father died, was married to Prince Philip."},{"s":"monarch-opens-parliamentary-session","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which ceremonial duty does the monarch carry out each year?","o":["Opening the new session of Parliament","Chairing Commons debates","Counting votes at General Elections","Choosing the Speaker"],"a":[0],"e":"Every year the monarch opens the new parliamentary session with a speech. Debates are chaired by the Speaker, whom MPs choose themselves."},{"s":"monarch-speech-government-policies","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What does the monarch's speech at the opening of a new parliamentary session summarise?","o":["The government's policies for the coming year","The results of the last General Election","The monarch's personal political views","The history of Parliament"],"a":[0],"e":"At the opening of each parliamentary session, the monarch gives a speech setting out what the government plans to do in the year ahead."},{"s":"acts-of-parliament-monarchs-name","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Every Act of Parliament is made in the monarch's name.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The monarch's name stands on all Acts of Parliament, which is part of the monarch's ceremonial role."},{"s":"monarch-represents-uk-abroad","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are ways in which the monarch acts for the UK in its dealings with other countries?","o":["Receiving foreign ambassadors and high commissioners","Making state visits to other countries","Deciding the government's foreign policy","Leading debates on foreign affairs in the House of Commons"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The monarch welcomes ambassadors, high commissioners and visiting heads of state, and travels on state visits to support diplomatic and economic ties. Policy is decided by the government."},{"s":"monarch-stability-and-national-identity","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the monarch's role are correct?","o":["The monarch is a focal point for national pride and identity","The monarch remains head of state when Prime Ministers and governments change","The monarch makes the decisions on government policy","The monarch changes after every General Election"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The monarch gives stability and continuity by remaining head of state as governments come and go, and is a focus for national pride, as the Jubilee celebrations showed."},{"s":"new-citizens-loyalty-to-monarch","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: At the citizenship ceremony, new citizens make an oath or affirmation of loyalty to the monarch.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Swearing or affirming loyalty to the monarch is part of the ceremony at which people become British citizens."},{"s":"all-mps-form-house-of-commons","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What do all the MPs elected in a General Election together form?","o":["The House of Commons","The House of Lords","The cabinet","The civil service"],"a":[0],"e":"Voters in each constituency elect an MP at a General Election, and all of these elected MPs make up the House of Commons."},{"s":"which-party-forms-government","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In the UK's parliamentary democracy, which party forms the government?","o":["The party with a majority of MPs","The party with the most members in the House of Lords","The party chosen by the Speaker","The oldest political party"],"a":[0],"e":"The government is formed by whichever party has a majority of MPs. If no party has one, two parties can join to form a coalition."},{"s":"why-commons-more-important","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Why is the House of Commons regarded as more important than the House of Lords?","o":["Its members are democratically elected","It is older than the House of Lords","Its members are appointed for life","It is chaired by the monarch"],"a":[0],"e":"MPs are chosen by voters, which gives the House of Commons more weight than the House of Lords, whose members are not elected."},{"s":"prime-minister-cabinet-are-mps","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Prime Minister and nearly all cabinet ministers sit in the House of Lords.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. The Prime Minister and nearly every cabinet member sit in the House of Commons as MPs."},{"s":"responsibilities-of-mps","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO of these are responsibilities of MPs?","o":["Helping to create new laws","Examining and commenting on what the government does","Appointing life peers","Opening each new session of Parliament"],"a":[0,1],"e":"MPs act for everyone in their constituency, help make laws, scrutinise the government and debate national issues. The monarch appoints life peers and opens Parliament."},{"s":"house-of-lords-members-facts","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the people who sit in the House of Lords are correct?","o":["They are known as peers","They do not represent a constituency","Voters choose them at a General Election","They include the Prime Minister and nearly all cabinet ministers"],"a":[0,1],"e":"People who sit in the House of Lords are called peers. The people do not elect them and they have no constituency."},{"s":"peers-before-1958","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO kinds of people could be peers in the House of Lords before 1958?","o":["Senior judges","Church of England bishops","Life peers nominated by the Prime Minister","Non-party peers chosen by an independent Appointments Commission"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Until 1958 every peer was either hereditary, a senior judge or a Church of England bishop. Life peers nominated by the Prime Minister came in only from 1958."},{"s":"life-peers-introduced-1958","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Since which year has the Prime Minister been able to nominate life peers?","o":["1918","1958","1969","1999"],"a":[1],"e":"From 1958 the Prime Minister could put forward people to be peers for their own lifetime only. These are called life peers."},{"s":"who-appoints-life-peers","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who formally appoints life peers?","o":["The monarch, advised by the Prime Minister","The Speaker, after a secret ballot","Voters at a General Election","The House of Commons"],"a":[0],"e":"The monarch makes the appointment, acting on the Prime Minister's advice."},{"s":"life-peers-careers","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Life peers have usually built a notable career, for example in law, business or politics.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. Most life peers have had a significant career in a field such as politics, business or law."},{"s":"non-party-peers-appointments-commission","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who nominates non-party life peers?","o":["An independent Appointments Commission","The Speaker of the House of Commons","The Church of England","Voters in each constituency"],"a":[0],"e":"Life peers can be put forward by the Prime Minister or by leaders of the other main parties, while peers who belong to no party are nominated by an independent Appointments Commission."},{"s":"hereditary-peers-lost-right-1999","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year did hereditary peers lose their automatic right to sit in the House of Lords?","o":["1958","1969","1999","2012"],"a":[2],"e":"Until 1999 hereditary peers sat in the House of Lords by right of birth. That year they lost their automatic place."},{"s":"role-of-house-of-lords","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are roles of the House of Lords?","o":["Checking laws that the House of Commons has passed","Suggesting amendments or proposing new laws","Electing the Speaker","Choosing the Prime Minister"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Lords review laws passed by the Commons, can suggest changes or new laws, and hold the government to account. MPs elect the Speaker, and the monarch invites the Prime Minister."},{"s":"commons-can-overrule-lords","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The House of Lords has the power to overrule the House of Commons.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"False. It is the other way round: the House of Commons can overrule the House of Lords, although it does not often use these powers."},{"s":"lords-independent-of-government","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["The House of Lords is usually freer from government control than the House of Commons","The House of Lords is usually less free from government control than the House of Commons"],"a":[0],"e":"The Lords usually act more independently of the government than the Commons, and peers with specialist knowledge help in making and checking laws."},{"s":"speaker-chairs-commons-debates","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who chairs debates in the Commons?","o":["The Speaker","The Prime Minister","The monarch","The leader of the opposition"],"a":[0],"e":"Commons debates are chaired by the Speaker, who is the Commons' chief officer."},{"s":"how-speaker-is-chosen","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How is the Speaker of the House of Commons chosen?","o":["By a secret ballot of MPs","By the Prime Minister","By the monarch","By the House of Lords"],"a":[0],"e":"MPs pick the Speaker from among themselves by secret ballot."},{"s":"speaker-neutral-and-mp","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the Speaker are correct?","o":["The Speaker is neutral and stands for no political party","The Speaker is an MP who still represents a constituency","The Speaker is appointed by the monarch","The Speaker is a member of the House of Lords"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Speaker stays neutral between the parties, but is still an MP who represents a constituency and helps local people with their problems."},{"s":"speaker-protects-opposition-time","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Besides keeping order in debates, what does the Speaker make sure of?","o":["That the opposition is guaranteed time to debate issues of its own choosing","That only government ministers may speak in debates on new laws","That every debate is first approved by the House of Lords","That the monarch is told the result of every debate"],"a":[0],"e":"The Speaker makes sure the rules are kept, which includes protecting the time the opposition is promised for debating subjects it selects."},{"s":"speaker-represents-parliament-ceremonies","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: On ceremonial occasions, Parliament is represented by the Speaker.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. As well as chairing debates in the Commons, the Speaker acts for Parliament at ceremonial events."},{"s":"general-election-every-five-years","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How often must a General Election be held in the UK?","o":["At least every five years","Every year","At least every seven years","At least every ten years"],"a":[0],"e":"MPs are chosen at a General Election, and one must take place at least once every five years."},{"s":"what-is-a-by-election","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is a by-election?","o":["A new election in one constituency after its MP dies or resigns","An election held every two years for the House of Lords","An election for a new Speaker","A vote held when the Prime Minister changes"],"a":[0],"e":"When an MP dies or steps down, a fresh election called a by-election is held in that MP's constituency."},{"s":"mps-elected-first-past-the-post","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the name of the system used to elect MPs?","o":["First past the post","Proportional representation","Single transferable vote","Alternative vote"],"a":[0],"e":"MPs are elected by 'first past the post': the candidate with the highest number of votes in a constituency wins."},{"s":"first-past-the-post-most-votes","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Under first past the post, the candidate with the largest number of votes in a constituency wins the seat.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The winning candidate in each constituency is simply the one with the most votes, and the party that wins a majority of constituencies usually forms the government."},{"s":"ways-to-contact-your-mp","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are ways the handbook gives for getting in touch with your MP?","o":["Writing to their constituency office","Going in person to one of their local surgeries","Writing to them at Buckingham Palace","Writing to them at their office in the House of Lords"],"a":[0,1],"e":"You can write to or phone an MP at their constituency office or House of Commons office, and many MPs hold local surgeries, often advertised in the local paper."},{"s":"pm-official-home-downing-street","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Where is the Prime Minister's official home?","o":["10 Downing Street","Buckingham Palace","Holyrood","Stormont"],"a":[0],"e":"The PM lives officially at 10 Downing Street in central London, close to the Houses of Parliament. Chequers, outside London, is the PM's country house."},{"s":"pm-country-house-chequers","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the name of the Prime Minister's country house outside London?","o":["Chequers","Stormont","The Senedd","Holyrood"],"a":[0],"e":"As well as the official home at 10 Downing Street, the Prime Minister has a house in the countryside outside London called Chequers."},{"s":"pm-resigns-after-election-defeat","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: A Prime Minister usually resigns when his or her party is defeated in a General Election.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Losing a General Election normally leads the PM to resign. A PM can also be replaced by MPs of the governing party or can choose to step down."},{"s":"cabinet-about-twenty-senior-ministers","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Roughly how many senior MPs does the Prime Minister appoint to run government departments?","o":["About 5","About 20","About 50","About 100"],"a":[1],"e":"The PM picks around 20 senior MPs to head departments. Together these ministers make up the cabinet."},{"s":"chancellor-exchequer-responsible-economy","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which minister is responsible for the economy?","o":["Chancellor of the Exchequer","Home Secretary","Foreign Secretary","Leader of the opposition"],"a":[0],"e":"The Chancellor of the Exchequer looks after the economy. The Home Secretary deals with crime, policing and immigration, and the Foreign Secretary with other countries."},{"s":"home-secretary-crime-policing-immigration","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which minister looks after crime, policing and immigration?","o":["Home Secretary","Foreign Secretary","Chancellor of the Exchequer","Leader of the opposition"],"a":[0],"e":"Crime, policing and immigration are the Home Secretary's area. The Chancellor handles the economy and the Foreign Secretary relations with foreign countries."},{"s":"foreign-secretary-relations-other-countries","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Foreign Secretary is responsible for managing the UK's relationships with foreign countries.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"True. The Foreign Secretary deals with the UK's relations with other countries, while the economy is the job of the Chancellor of the Exchequer."},{"s":"department-junior-minister-titles","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO titles are given to the other ministers in a government department, below the minister in charge?","o":["Ministers of State","Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State","Shadow ministers","Secretaries of State"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Besides the head of the department, there are Ministers of State and Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State. Secretaries of State are the cabinet ministers who head departments, and shadow ministers belong to the opposition."},{"s":"opposition-second-largest-party","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What name is given to the party with the second highest number of MPs in the House of Commons?","o":["The opposition","The cabinet","The civil service","The independents"],"a":[0],"e":"The party with the second highest number of MPs is known as the opposition. Its leader challenges the government's record."},{"s":"opposition-leader-becomes-pm-after-win","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: If the opposition wins a General Election, its leader usually becomes Prime Minister.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The leader of the opposition normally takes over as Prime Minister when that party wins a General Election."},{"s":"prime-ministers-questions-weekly","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How often does Prime Minister's Questions take place while Parliament is sitting?","o":["Every week","Every day","Once a month","Once a year"],"a":[0],"e":"Prime Minister's Questions happens weekly when Parliament sits. It is a key chance for the leader of the opposition to point out the government's weaknesses."},{"s":"shadow-ministers-appointed-by-opposition-leader","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who appoints the shadow ministers who form the shadow cabinet?","o":["The leader of the opposition","The Prime Minister","The Chancellor of the Exchequer","The Home Secretary"],"a":[0],"e":"The leader of the opposition chooses senior opposition MPs as shadow ministers. They challenge the government and offer different policies."},{"s":"major-uk-political-parties","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are named in the handbook as major political parties in the UK?","o":["The Conservative Party","The Liberal Democrats","Greenpeace","Liberty"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The main parties are the Conservatives, Labour, the Liberal Democrats and parties that speak for Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Greenpeace and Liberty are campaign groups."},{"s":"pressure-groups-campaign-examples","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are examples of pressure groups that campaign on particular topics?","o":["Greenpeace","Liberty","The Labour Party","The Greater London Authority"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Pressure and lobby groups try to influence government policy. Greenpeace campaigns on the environment and Liberty on human rights."},{"s":"cbi-represents-british-business","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which organisation speaks for British business?","o":["The CBI","Greenpeace","Liberty","The Greater London Authority"],"a":[0],"e":"The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a representative organisation for British business and is one kind of pressure or lobby group."},{"s":"civil-servants-not-political-appointees","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Civil servants are political appointees chosen by the party in power.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Civil servants are selected on merit and must stay politically neutral. People join through an ordinary job application process."},{"s":"civil-service-core-values","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are among the core values of the civil service?","o":["Integrity","Objectivity","Ambition","Efficiency"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The civil service has four core values: integrity, honesty, objectivity and impartiality, which includes being politically neutral. Ambition and efficiency are not on that list."},{"s":"london-thirty-three-local-authorities","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How many local authorities does London have?","o":["12","20","33","60"],"a":[2],"e":"London is split into 33 local authorities, with the Mayor of London and the Greater London Authority coordinating policy for the whole capital."},{"s":"mayor-ceremonial-leader-statement","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["In many local authorities, the mayor is a ceremonial leader appointed by the council.","Every local authority must elect a mayor to run its administration."],"a":[0],"e":"In many councils the mayor has a ceremonial role. Only in some towns is a mayor elected to actually lead the administration."},{"s":"scottish-parliament-since-1999","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Since which year has there been a Scottish Parliament?","o":["1922","1972","1999","2011"],"a":[2],"e":"Powers began to be devolved in 1997, and both the Welsh Assembly and the Scottish Parliament have existed since 1999."},{"s":"policy-areas-kept-by-uk-government","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO policy areas are not devolved and stay under the control of the central UK government?","o":["Defence","Immigration","Education","Health"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Defence, immigration, foreign affairs, social security and taxation stay with the UK government. Many public services, such as education and health, are run by the devolved administrations."},{"s":"devolved-administrations-own-civil-service","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Each of the devolved administrations has its own civil service.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland each have a separate civil service supporting their devolved administration."},{"s":"welsh-assembly-welsh-or-english","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which languages can elected members of the devolved legislature in Wales speak?","o":["Welsh or English","English only","Welsh only","English or Gaelic"],"a":[0],"e":"Members may use either Welsh or English, and everything they publish appears in both languages. The Welsh government is based in Cardiff."},{"s":"scottish-parliament-law-making-areas","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are areas where the Scottish Parliament is able to legislate?","o":["Civil and criminal law","Planning","Defence","Foreign affairs"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Scottish Parliament can legislate on anything not reserved to the UK Parliament, such as planning, education, health, and civil and criminal law. Defence and foreign affairs stay with the UK government."},{"s":"northern-ireland-parliament-abolished-1972","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Northern Ireland Parliament abolished?","o":["1922","1969","1972","1998"],"a":[2],"e":"It was created in 1922, at the time Ireland was split, and abolished in 1972, not long after the Troubles started in 1969."},{"s":"northern-ireland-assembly-decision-areas","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO issues can the Northern Ireland Assembly make decisions on?","o":["Agriculture","The environment","Defence","Immigration"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Assembly decides on matters such as health, education, agriculture, social services and the environment. Defence and immigration remain with the UK government."},{"s":"uk-government-can-suspend-assemblies","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The UK government is able to suspend any of the devolved assemblies.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The UK government holds this power and has done so more than once in Northern Ireland, at times when political leaders there found it hard to cooperate."},{"s":"hansard-parliament-official-reports","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What are the official published reports of proceedings in Parliament called?","o":["Hansard","The electoral register","Poll cards","Charters"],"a":[0],"e":"Parliament's proceedings are shown on television and written up in official reports called Hansard, available in large libraries and online."},{"s":"uk-free-press-no-government-control","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the UK, the government controls what newspapers are allowed to write.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Britain's press is free, so newspapers are not under government control. Some owners and editors even campaign to influence government policy."},{"s":"fully-democratic-voting-since-1928","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Since which year has the UK's voting system been fully democratic?","o":["1918","1928","1969","1999"],"a":[1],"e":"In 1928 all men and women aged over 21 got the vote. From then on, every adult had an equal say in elections."},{"s":"must-be-on-electoral-register","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What must your name be on before you can vote in a parliamentary or local election?","o":["The electoral register","Hansard","A political party's membership list","The local library's membership list"],"a":[0],"e":"Only people listed on the electoral register can vote. If you are eligible, you register through your local council's electoral registration office."},{"s":"electoral-register-open-supervised","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: By law, anyone may look at the electoral register, but this has to be supervised.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Each local authority must let people see its register under supervision. It is kept at the local electoral registration office and can also be seen at places such as libraries."},{"s":"polling-station-opening-hours","c":5,"k":"single","q":"On election day, during which hours is a polling station open?","o":["7.00 am to 10.00 pm","9.00 am to 5.00 pm","8.00 am to 8.00 pm","6.00 am to midnight"],"a":[0],"e":"Polling stations (called polling places in Scotland) open at 7 in the morning and close at 10 at night. Your poll card tells you where yours is."},{"s":"ballot-no-one-can-force-candidate","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Other people have the right to tell you which candidate you must vote for.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"You fill in your ballot paper privately in a polling booth and decide for yourself. Nobody can make you choose a particular candidate."},{"s":"postal-ballot-hard-to-reach-polling","c":5,"k":"single","q":"If you find it difficult to reach a polling station, what can you register for?","o":["A postal ballot","A poll card","A polling booth","A by-election"],"a":[0],"e":"With a postal ballot, the ballot paper is posted to you ahead of polling day, and you fill it in and send it back. You can choose this when registering to vote."},{"s":"groups-who-cannot-stand-for-office","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO groups are among the exceptions who cannot stand for public office?","o":["Members of the armed forces","Civil servants","Irish citizens aged 18 or over","Commonwealth citizens aged 18 or over"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Most UK, Irish and Commonwealth citizens who are 18 or older may stand. Exceptions include the armed forces, civil servants and people convicted of certain crimes."},{"s":"lords-members-cannot-stand-commons","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Someone who sits in the House of Lords may stand as a candidate for the House of Commons.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"People who sit in the Lords cannot stand for the Commons, but they can stand for every other public office."},{"s":"ni-assembly-meets-stormont-belfast","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Where do the elected members of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLAs) meet?","o":["Stormont, in Belfast","Holyrood, in Edinburgh","The Senedd, in Cardiff Bay","Chequers, outside London"],"a":[0],"e":"MLAs meet at Stormont in Belfast. MSPs meet at Holyrood in Edinburgh, and Welsh members use the Senedd building in Cardiff Bay."},{"s":"commonwealth-association-of-countries","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the Commonwealth?","o":["A group of countries that help each other and cooperate on shared goals","A military alliance of countries in Europe and North America","A body that makes laws for its member states","A group founded by six countries through the Treaty of Rome"],"a":[0],"e":"Commonwealth countries help one another and cooperate on democracy and development. NATO is the military alliance, and the Treaty of Rome created the EEC."},{"s":"commonwealth-members-former-british-empire","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Most member states of the Commonwealth were once part of what?","o":["The British Empire","The European Economic Community","NATO","The Council of Europe"],"a":[0],"e":"Most Commonwealth countries used to belong to the British Empire, though a few that never did have also joined."},{"s":"commonwealth-membership-voluntary","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Membership of the Commonwealth is voluntary.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Countries choose to belong to the Commonwealth. It cannot control its members, although it is able to suspend a country's membership."},{"s":"commonwealth-no-power-over-members","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Commonwealth can make laws that its member states must obey.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The Commonwealth cannot control its members; the most it can do is suspend one."},{"s":"commonwealth-core-values","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are core values on which the Commonwealth is based?","o":["Democracy","The rule of law","Free trade","Military cooperation"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Commonwealth rests on three core values: democracy, the rule of law and good government. Free trade and military cooperation are not among them."},{"s":"eu-originally-called-eec","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What was the European Union originally called?","o":["The European Economic Community","The Council of Europe","The Commonwealth","The North Atlantic Treaty Organization"],"a":[0],"e":"The EU started life as the European Economic Community (EEC), created by six western European countries."},{"s":"treaty-of-rome-signed-1957","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year was the Treaty of Rome signed, setting up the European Economic Community?","o":["1945","1957","1973","1999"],"a":[1],"e":"On 25 March 1957 six western European countries signed the Treaty of Rome. The UK joined the community later, in 1973."},{"s":"eec-founding-countries","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO countries were among the six that founded the European Economic Community?","o":["France","Italy","United Kingdom","Ireland"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The six founders were France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The UK at first chose to stay out and only joined in 1973."},{"s":"uk-joined-eec-1973","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the UK become a member of the European Economic Community?","o":["1957","1969","1973","1997"],"a":[2],"e":"The UK first decided against joining the group formed in 1957, but became a member in 1973."},{"s":"council-of-europe-cannot-make-laws","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The Council of Europe can pass laws for its member countries.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The Council of Europe, which is separate from the EU, cannot make laws. It protects human rights by drawing up conventions and charters, such as the European Convention on Human Rights."},{"s":"un-facts-two-correct","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the United Nations are correct?","o":["It was created after the Second World War","It aims to stop wars and promote peace between nations","It has fewer than 50 member countries","It was set up by the Treaty of Rome"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The UN was formed after the Second World War to stop war and support international peace and security. More than 190 countries, including the UK, are members."},{"s":"un-security-council-fifteen-members","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How many members sit on the UN Security Council?","o":["5","10","15","20"],"a":[2],"e":"The Security Council has 15 members and recommends action during crises around the world and threats to peace. Five of its members are permanent."},{"s":"uk-permanent-member-security-council","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The UK is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Of the 15 seats on the Security Council, five are permanent, and the UK holds one of them."},{"s":"nato-members-help-if-attacked","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What have the member countries of NATO agreed to do?","o":["Help one another if any of them is attacked","Share a single currency","Accept the monarch as their ceremonial head","Hold elections on the same day"],"a":[0],"e":"NATO is made up of countries in Europe and North America that have promised mutual help if attacked. It also aims to keep peace among its members."},{"s":"equal-treatment-under-the-law","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the UK, the law treats everyone equally, whatever their background or where they come from.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Everyone in the UK is treated equally by the law. All residents are expected to know and obey it, even where another country's legal system allows something different."},{"s":"civil-law-settles-disputes","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is civil law used for?","o":["Settling disputes between individuals or groups","Punishing crimes investigated by the police","Electing Police and Crime Commissioners","Collecting income tax"],"a":[0],"e":"Civil law deals with disputes between people or groups. Criminal law covers crimes, which the police or another authority investigate and the courts punish."},{"s":"civil-law-case-example","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these is an example of a civil law case?","o":["A landlord and a tenant disagreeing about repairs","Someone selling cannabis","Someone carrying a knife in the street","A shop selling cigarettes to a 15-year-old"],"a":[0],"e":"Housing disputes over repairs or eviction come under civil law, as do consumer, employment and debt cases. Selling drugs, carrying weapons and selling tobacco to under-18s are crimes."},{"s":"weapon-for-self-defence-illegal","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Carrying a knife is a criminal offence in the UK even if it is only for self-defence.","Carrying a knife is legal in the UK if it is only for self-defence."],"a":[0],"e":"Carrying any kind of weapon is a crime, whatever the reason. This covers guns, knives and anything made or changed to hurt someone."},{"s":"buying-cannabis-illegal","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Buying or selling cannabis is legal in the UK.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Buying or selling drugs, including cannabis, heroin, cocaine and ecstasy, is illegal in the UK."},{"s":"racial-crime-religion-ethnic-origin","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Causing someone harassment, alarm or distress because of their ethnic origin or religion is a crime in the UK.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"This is known as racial crime and is a criminal offence in the UK."},{"s":"smoking-enclosed-public-places","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Smoking tobacco is illegal in almost all enclosed public places in the UK.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Smoking is banned in almost all enclosed public places, and signs show where you may not smoke."},{"s":"alcohol-with-meal-age-16","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the youngest age at which a person may have an alcoholic drink with a meal at a restaurant or hotel?","o":["16","14","17","18"],"a":[0],"e":"Selling alcohol to under-18s, or buying it for them, is a crime. The one exception lets people aged 16 or over have an alcoholic drink with a meal at a restaurant or hotel."},{"s":"duties-of-the-police","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are jobs of the UK police?","o":["Protecting life and property","Preventing and detecting crime","Deciding the verdict in Crown Court trials","Collecting income tax"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The police protect life and property, keep the peace by preventing disturbances, and prevent and detect crime. Juries decide verdicts and HMRC collects tax."},{"s":"police-forces-headed-chief-constables","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who heads each of the separate police forces in the UK?","o":["A Chief Constable","A Police and Crime Commissioner","A magistrate","A sheriff"],"a":[0],"e":"Each police force is led by a Chief Constable. In England and Wales the Chief Constable is appointed by the elected Police and Crime Commissioner."},{"s":"police-independent-of-government","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Police forces in the UK are controlled by the government.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The police are organised into separate forces, each led by a Chief Constable, and the government does not run them."},{"s":"police-crime-commissioners-elected-2012","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year did the public in England and Wales elect Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs)?","o":["2012","2008","2011","1998"],"a":[0],"e":"PCCs were elected in November 2012. They are individuals chosen directly by voters to make sure their local police force is efficient and effective."},{"s":"pcc-appoints-chief-constable","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In England and Wales, who appoints the Chief Constable of a police force?","o":["The Police and Crime Commissioner","The local magistrates","The Prime Minister","The local council"],"a":[0],"e":"Police and Crime Commissioners appoint the Chief Constable. They also decide local policing priorities and the local police budget."},{"s":"police-community-support-officers-role","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Who usually patrols the streets and helps police officers at major events and crime scenes?","o":["Police community support officers","Justices of the Peace","Solicitors","Jurors"],"a":[0],"e":"Police community support officers back up police officers. Their roles vary by area, but they usually patrol, work with the public and help at crime scenes and big events."},{"s":"police-must-not-do","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO things are police officers in the UK NOT allowed to do?","o":["Be rude or abusive","Make a false statement","Tell an arrested person why they are being arrested","Help people from every background"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Officers must obey the law and must not misuse their authority, lie, be rude or abusive, or discriminate on grounds of race. After an arrest, the officer tells the person the reason."},{"s":"complaints-about-the-police","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are ways to complain about the police?","o":["Go to a police station","Write a letter to the force's Chief Constable","Write to HM Revenue \u0026 Customs","Apply to a Youth Court"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Anyone can complain at a police station or in writing to the force's Chief Constable. Complaints can also go to an independent body, such as the Police Ombudsman in Northern Ireland."},{"s":"extremism-meaning","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What does the handbook mean by extremism?","o":["Speaking or acting against fundamental British values","Making a complaint about the police","Voting for a party that loses an election","Starting a civil claim in court"],"a":[0],"e":"Extremism is speaking or acting against fundamental British values. Everyone should feel safe from all kinds of it, including religious and far-right extremism."},{"s":"report-extremist-recruitment-police","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Someone is trying to draw you into an extremist or terrorist cause. Who should you tell?","o":["Your local police force","HM Revenue \u0026 Customs","The DVLA","Your local County Court"],"a":[0],"e":"You should report it to your local police. Terrorist groups seek to radicalise people and win recruits, although they have very little public support."},{"s":"judges-powers-over-government","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about judges in the UK are correct?","o":["Judges can rule that an action of the government is illegal","Judges can order a public body to pay compensation","The government can tell judges how to run a trial","Judges never decide disputes between members of the public"],"a":[0,1],"e":"If judges find a government action illegal, the government must change its policy or ask Parliament to change the law. A public body that ignores someone's legal rights can be ordered to pay compensation. Judges also settle disputes, and the government cannot interfere with trials."},{"s":"minor-crimes-magistrates-court","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where are most minor criminal cases dealt with?","o":["A Magistrates' Court","A Crown Court","A County Court","The Court of Session"],"a":[0],"e":"Magistrates' Courts handle most minor crimes there. Serious crimes go to a Crown Court with a judge and jury."},{"s":"scotland-justice-of-the-peace-court","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In Scotland, which court deals with minor criminal offences?","o":["The Justice of the Peace Court","The Crown Court","The Court of Session","The County Court"],"a":[0],"e":"Minor offences in Scotland go to a Justice of the Peace Court. Serious ones are heard in a Sheriff Court, and the most serious, such as murder, in the High Court."},{"s":"magistrates-unpaid-not-lawyers","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In England, Wales and Scotland, Justices of the Peace and magistrates are usually paid and must have legal qualifications.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"They are local people who usually work unpaid and need no legal qualifications; they are trained and have a legal adviser. In Northern Ireland, a legally qualified, paid District Judge hears these cases."},{"s":"how-jury-members-chosen","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How are members of a jury chosen?","o":["At random from the local electoral register","By a public vote in the local area","From a list of trained magistrates","By the judge from local volunteers"],"a":[0],"e":"Jurors are ordinary members of the public picked at random from people on the local electoral register."},{"s":"scotland-jury-15-members","c":5,"k":"single","q":"How many members does a jury have in Scotland?","o":["15","12","10","9"],"a":[0],"e":"A Scottish jury has 15 members. Juries elsewhere in the UK have 12."},{"s":"jury-service-rules","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about juries are correct?","o":["If summoned, you must serve unless you are not eligible or have a good reason","Juries in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have 12 members","A criminal conviction never affects whether you can serve","Juries in Scotland have 12 members"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Jury service is a duty unless you are ineligible, for example because of a criminal conviction, or are excused for a good reason. Juries have 12 members, except in Scotland, where they have 15."},{"s":"judge-decides-penalty-not-jury","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: When a jury finds a defendant guilty, the jury also decides the penalty.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The jury hears the evidence and decides whether the defendant is guilty or not. If the verdict is guilty, the judge sets the penalty."},{"s":"youth-court-age-range","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, accused people of which ages usually have their case heard in a Youth Court?","o":["10 to 17","8 to 16","12 to 18","14 to 21"],"a":[0],"e":"Accused people aged 10 to 17 usually have their case decided by a District Judge or by up to three magistrates with special training. The gravest cases go to the Crown Court."},{"s":"youth-court-closed-to-public","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Members of the public are allowed to watch hearings in a Youth Court.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Youth Courts are closed to the public, and the media may not publish the young person's name or photographs. Parents or carers are expected to attend."},{"s":"scotland-childrens-hearings-system","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In Scotland, which system deals with young people and children who commit offences?","o":["The Children's Hearings System","Youth conferencing","The Youth Court","The Court of Session"],"a":[0],"e":"Scotland uses the Children's Hearings System. Northern Ireland uses youth conferencing, and in England, Wales and Northern Ireland accused people aged 10 to 17 usually go to a Youth Court."},{"s":"scotland-serious-civil-court-of-session","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In Scotland, which court deals with more serious civil cases, such as claims for large amounts of compensation?","o":["The Court of Session","The Crown Court","The Justice of the Peace Court","The County Court"],"a":[0],"e":"Serious civil cases in Scotland go to the Court of Session in Edinburgh. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland they go to the High Court."},{"s":"small-claims-hearing-facts","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about the small claims procedure are correct?","o":["A judge hears the case in an ordinary room","Claims can be issued online through Money Claims Online","Both sides must be represented by a lawyer","The case is decided by a jury of 12"],"a":[0,1],"e":"A judge hears the case in an ordinary room, with both sides sitting around a table. The procedure is meant to settle minor disputes without a lot of time or lawyers' costs, and claims can also be started online through Money Claims Online."},{"s":"solicitors-check-cost-at-start","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements about solicitors is correct?","o":["Their charges usually depend on the amount of time the case takes them.","They all charge one fixed fee, whatever the case."],"a":[0],"e":"Solicitors usually charge by the time a case takes, so it is important to ask early what it is likely to cost. Citizens Advice and the Law Society can name local solicitors and their specialisms."},{"s":"uk-signed-echr-year","c":5,"k":"single","q":"The UK was one of the first countries to sign the European Convention on Human Rights. In which year did it sign?","o":["1950","1689","1998","2007"],"a":[0],"e":"The UK signed the Convention in 1950 and was among the first countries to do so. The Bill of Rights dates from 1689 and the Human Rights Act from 1998."},{"s":"human-rights-act-incorporated-echr","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which law made the European Convention on Human Rights part of UK law?","o":["The Human Rights Act 1998","The Bill of Rights of 1689","The Habeas Corpus Act","The Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007"],"a":[0],"e":"The Human Rights Act 1998 brought the Convention into UK law. Since then the government, the courts and other public bodies have to follow its principles."},{"s":"british-lawyers-drafted-echr","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["British diplomats and lawyers helped to write the European Convention on Human Rights.","The UK refused to sign the European Convention on Human Rights until 1998."],"a":[0],"e":"British diplomats and lawyers played an important part in drafting the Convention, and the UK signed it early, in 1950."},{"s":"echr-prohibits-torture","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: The European Convention on Human Rights includes a ban on torture.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Prohibiting torture is one of the principles in the Convention, along with banning slavery and forced labour."},{"s":"roots-of-rights-in-britain","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO documents are named as roots of the rights and freedoms people have in Britain?","o":["Magna Carta","The Bill of Rights of 1689","The Human Rights Act 1998","The Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Rights in Britain go back to Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Habeas Corpus Act. The Human Rights Act came much later and put the European Convention into UK law."},{"s":"echr-rights-protected","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are rights or freedoms protected by the European Convention on Human Rights?","o":["Freedom of thought and religion","Liberty and security","Slavery and forced labour","Torture"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The Convention protects liberty and security and freedom of thought and religion. Slavery, forced labour and torture are things it prohibits."},{"s":"no-unfair-treatment-because-of-age","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: UK law protects people from being treated unfairly at work because of their age.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"UK laws protect people from unfair treatment in life and work because of things like sex, race, age, disability, religion or belief, pregnancy, sexuality or marital status."},{"s":"equality-commission-northern-ireland","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Someone in Northern Ireland faces discrimination. Which of these organisations can give them information?","o":["The Equality Commission for Northern Ireland","The Scottish Human Rights Commission","HM Revenue \u0026 Customs","The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency"],"a":[0],"e":"In Northern Ireland, help comes from the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland and the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission. The Citizens Advice Bureau can also help."},{"s":"husband-can-be-charged-rape","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the UK, a husband cannot be charged with rape if he forces his wife to have sex.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"A man who makes a woman have sex against her will can be charged with rape, even if he is her husband. Violence at home is treated as a serious crime."},{"s":"domestic-violence-refuges-shelters","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In some areas, people escaping domestic violence can go and stay in safe places. What are these called?","o":["Refuges or shelters","Citizens Advice Bureaux","Job centres","Youth Courts"],"a":[0],"e":"Some areas have refuges or shelters where people can stay safely. The police can also help someone find a safe place."},{"s":"domestic-violence-facts","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about domestic violence in the UK are correct?","o":["A violent partner can be prosecuted even if not married","Citizens Advice or a solicitor can explain what options there are","Only married partners can be prosecuted for violence at home","Violence at home is a private family matter and not a crime"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Violence at home is treated as a serious crime, and anyone violent to a partner, married or not, man or woman, can be prosecuted. Victims should get help quickly, for example from a solicitor or Citizens Advice."},{"s":"fgm-abroad-criminal-offence","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: It is legal to take a girl from the UK to another country so that female genital mutilation can be carried out there.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"FGM, also called cutting or female circumcision, is against the law in the UK. Performing it, or taking a woman or girl to another country for it, is a crime."},{"s":"arranged-marriage-with-consent","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["An arranged marriage is acceptable in the UK if both people agree to it.","All arranged marriages are illegal in the UK."],"a":[0],"e":"Both people must give full and free consent to a marriage. Arranged marriages where both agree are acceptable; a forced marriage is one where consent is missing."},{"s":"forcing-marriage-criminal-offence","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: It is a crime in the UK to make someone marry against their will.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"A forced marriage is one where one or both people do not or cannot consent. Making someone marry against their will is a crime."},{"s":"forced-marriage-protection-orders-year","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In which year were Forced Marriage Protection Orders introduced in England, Wales and Northern Ireland?","o":["2008","2007","2011","1998"],"a":[0],"e":"The orders arrived in 2008 under the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007. Scotland brought in similar orders in November 2011."},{"s":"income-from-property-savings-taxed","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In the UK, income tax is paid on money earned from savings, dividends and property.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Taxable income includes wages, self-employed profits, taxable benefits, pensions, and money from property, savings and dividends. Income tax pays for services like the armed forces, police, roads and education."},{"s":"pay-as-you-earn-system","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the system called in which employers take income tax from wages and pay it straight to the tax office?","o":["Pay As You Earn (PAYE)","Self-assessment","National Insurance","Small claims procedure"],"a":[0],"e":"Under PAYE, most employees have the correct tax taken from their pay by the employer and sent to HMRC automatically."},{"s":"hmrc-collects-taxes","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is HM Revenue \u0026 Customs (HMRC)?","o":["The government department that collects taxes","The agency where vehicles are registered","An independent body that deals with police complaints","A court that hears small claims"],"a":[0],"e":"HMRC is the government department responsible for collecting taxes. Under PAYE, employers pay employees' income tax directly to it."},{"s":"self-employed-self-assessment","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Self-employed people pay their own tax through self-assessment, which includes filling in a tax return.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The self-employed are not covered by PAYE, so they pay tax through self-assessment. If HMRC sends anyone a tax return, it should be completed and sent back once all the information is ready."},{"s":"national-insurance-contributions-facts","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO statements about National Insurance Contributions are correct?","o":["Almost everyone in paid work, including the self-employed, must pay them","Employers take them from their employees' pay","Only self-employed people have to pay them","People who do not pay enough can still always get a full state pension"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Nearly all workers pay National Insurance; employees through their employer and the self-employed themselves. Not paying enough can mean losing contributory benefits such as a full state pension."},{"s":"ni-number-before-16th-birthday","c":5,"k":"single","q":"When are young people in the UK sent their National Insurance number?","o":["Just before their 16th birthday","Just before their 17th birthday","Just before their 18th birthday","Just before their 21st birthday"],"a":[0],"e":"Every young person gets a National Insurance number shortly before turning 16. It is a unique personal number that makes sure tax and contributions are recorded against their name."},{"s":"ni-number-not-proof-right-to-work","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Showing an employer your National Insurance number is enough on its own to prove you are allowed to work in the UK.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"A National Insurance number alone does not show that you may work in the UK. You can also start a job before you have one."},{"s":"minimum-age-drive-car","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the minimum age to drive a car in the UK?","o":["17","16","18","21"],"a":[0],"e":"You must be 17 or older to drive a car or motorcycle, and you need a driving licence to use public roads. Mopeds can be ridden from 16."},{"s":"moped-minimum-age","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: You must be at least 18 years old to ride a moped in the UK.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"The minimum age for riding a moped is 16. Cars and motorcycles need you to be at least 17, and larger vehicles have their own ages and tests."},{"s":"driving-licence-valid-until-70","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Up to what age can a driver use their UK driving licence before it must be renewed every three years?","o":["70","60","65","75"],"a":[0],"e":"A driving licence can be used until the driver is 70. From then on, it has to be renewed every three years."},{"s":"foreign-licence-12-months","c":5,"k":"single","q":"You live in the UK. Your driving licence is from a country outside the EU that is not Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway. For how long can you use it?","o":["Up to 12 months","Up to 3 months","Up to 3 years","As long as the licence is valid"],"a":[0],"e":"Licences from those other countries can be used for up to 12 months. After that, you need a full UK driving licence to keep driving."},{"s":"driving-test-knowledge-and-skills","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO things does the UK driving test check?","o":["Your knowledge","Your practical skills","The condition of your car","Your National Insurance record"],"a":[0,1],"e":"To get a UK driving licence you have to pass a driving test, which checks both what you know and how well you drive. The MOT is a yearly check on vehicles, not on drivers."},{"s":"mot-test-vehicle-age","c":5,"k":"single","q":"A vehicle needs a yearly Ministry of Transport (MOT) test once it is older than how many years?","o":["Three years","One year","Five years","Ten years"],"a":[0],"e":"Vehicles over three years old must pass an MOT every year, and driving one without a valid MOT certificate is an offence."},{"s":"vehicle-registration-and-insurance","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are legal requirements for a UK resident who drives their own car?","o":["The car must be registered with the DVLA","The car must have valid motor insurance","The car needs an MOT test every year from when it is new","The driver must retake the driving test every year"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Residents' cars must be registered at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency and insured; driving uninsured is a serious crime. Yearly MOTs start only once a vehicle is over three years old."},{"s":"shared-values-obey-the-law","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Obeying and respecting the law is one of the shared values and responsibilities of people in Britain.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Britain is a very diverse society, but everyone can agree on shared responsibilities, and keeping to the law is the first of them."},{"s":"shared-values-and-responsibilities-list","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are listed among the shared values and responsibilities of people living in Britain?","o":["To treat others with fairness","To vote in elections","To join a political party","To become a school governor"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The list includes treating people fairly and voting in local and national elections, along with obeying the law and helping others. Joining a party or becoming a school governor are opportunities, not duties."},{"s":"new-home-introduce-yourself","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What does the handbook suggest you do after moving into a new home?","o":["Introduce yourself to your neighbours","Ask your MP to visit you","Register for jury service","Put your bins on the street straight away"],"a":[0],"e":"Knowing your neighbours helps you settle into the community and make friends. Neighbours can also help, for example with your pets."},{"s":"neighbours-source-of-help","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Neighbours may help you, for example by feeding your pets while you are away.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Neighbours can be a useful source of help, such as looking after pets or giving advice about local shops and services."},{"s":"avoid-problems-with-neighbours","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO things help to prevent problems with your neighbours?","o":["Respecting their privacy","Keeping noise down","Leaving rubbish bags on the street at any time","Letting your garden become untidy"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Respect your neighbours' privacy, keep noise down, look after your garden and put rubbish out only on collection day."},{"s":"bins-out-only-on-collection-day","c":5,"k":"single","q":"When should you leave rubbish bags and bins out in the street or shared areas?","o":["Only on the day they will be collected","Every evening","Whenever they are full","Once a month on any day"],"a":[0],"e":"Putting rubbish out only for collection is one way to avoid conflict with your neighbours."},{"s":"parents-help-at-school","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are given as ways parents can help at their children's schools?","o":["Listening to children read","Helping at fundraising events","Canvassing for a political party","Serving on a jury"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Parents can support activities in classrooms, listen to children read and help at events such as book or toy sales that raise money for equipment or trips."},{"s":"pta-parent-teacher-association","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What does PTA stand for?","o":["Parent-teacher association","Public transport authority","Parliamentary town assembly","Primary teaching award"],"a":[0],"e":"Parent-teacher associations sometimes organise school events. Helping out or joining one benefits the school and helps you make friends locally."},{"s":"school-governor-minimum-age","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is the minimum age for becoming a school governor?","o":["16","18","21","25"],"a":[1],"e":"School governors must be at least 18 when they are elected or appointed. There is no maximum age."},{"s":"school-governor-no-upper-age","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: School governors must be under the age of 70.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Governors must be 18 or older, but the handbook sets no maximum age."},{"s":"school-board-scotland","c":5,"k":"single","q":"In Scotland, people who do the job of school governors are members of what?","o":["The school board","The parent-teacher association","The local police","The Scottish Parliament"],"a":[0],"e":"Elsewhere they are called school governors; in Scotland they are school board members. Both help raise school standards."},{"s":"school-governors-key-roles","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are among the three key roles of school governors and school boards?","o":["Setting the school's strategic direction","Monitoring and evaluating school performance","Collecting local taxes","Choosing who sits on a jury"],"a":[0,1],"e":"The three roles are setting the school's strategic direction, ensuring accountability, and monitoring and evaluating how the school performs."},{"s":"free-school-who-can-apply","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: In England, parents may apply to set up a free school in their area.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Free schools in England can be proposed by parents and by other local community groups. The Department for Education has more details."},{"s":"canvassing-meaning","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is it called when party members knock on doors or hand out leaflets to ask people for their support?","o":["Canvassing","Lobbying","Mentoring","Volunteering"],"a":[0],"e":"Party members canvass especially hard at election time, trying to win votes for their candidates."},{"s":"canvasser-not-told-your-vote","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: You must tell a canvasser how you plan to vote.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"If you prefer not to say how you will vote, you do not have to tell a canvasser."},{"s":"parties-busy-at-election-times","c":5,"k":"single","q":"When are political parties especially busy?","o":["At election times","At Christmas","During school holidays","When Parliament is not sitting"],"a":[0],"e":"Elections are the busiest period for parties, when members work hard to win support for their candidates."},{"s":"police-volunteer-roles","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO roles can you volunteer for with the police?","o":["Special constable","Lay (non-police) representative","Shadow minister","Civil servant"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Volunteers can join the police as special constables or lay representatives. You can also apply to be a magistrate."},{"s":"giving-blood-about-an-hour","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Roughly how long does it take to give blood?","o":["About an hour","About ten minutes","About half a day","A whole day"],"a":[0],"e":"Giving blood takes about an hour. Hospitals use donated blood to treat many kinds of injury and illness."},{"s":"living-people-donate-kidney","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: A living person can donate a kidney.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Organ donation is not only after death: the handbook notes that living people can give a kidney. Many people in the UK need an organ transplant."},{"s":"volunteering-definition","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What is volunteering?","o":["Doing work for good causes without being paid","Paid work for a charity","Working for the civil service","Serving on a jury"],"a":[0],"e":"Volunteers work for good causes and are not paid. Many people do it just to help others."},{"s":"volunteering-english-and-work-skills","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Some volunteering can help you practise your English and build skills that help you find a job.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Besides meeting people and improving your community, volunteering can give you English practice, work skills and something to add to your CV."},{"s":"volunteer-activity-examples","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are given as examples of volunteering activities?","o":["Caring for animals at a rescue shelter","Helping older people in a care home","Working as a paid civil servant","Sitting as an MP in Parliament"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Volunteer work includes caring for animals, youth work, litter picks, homeless shelters, mentoring, hospital help desks and helping older people."},{"s":"british-red-cross-international-branch","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which charity is given as an example of a British branch of an international organisation?","o":["The British Red Cross","Age UK","Crisis","The PDSA"],"a":[0],"e":"UK charities range from small local charities to British branches of international bodies such as the British Red Cross."},{"s":"age-uk-older-people","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which charity works with older people?","o":["Age UK","NSPCC","PDSA","Friends of the Earth"],"a":[0],"e":"Age UK is the handbook's example of a charity for older people. The NSPCC works with children and the PDSA with animals."},{"s":"nspcc-works-with-children","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which charity works with children?","o":["The NSPCC","Age UK","Crisis","Cancer Research UK"],"a":[0],"e":"The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) is a charity working with children."},{"s":"crisis-shelter-homeless-charities","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Crisis and Shelter are charities that work mainly with animals.","o":["True","False"],"a":[1],"e":"Crisis and Shelter work with homeless people. The handbook's example of an animal charity is the PDSA."},{"s":"pdsa-animal-charity","c":5,"k":"single","q":"What kind of charity is the PDSA?","o":["A charity working with animals","A medical research charity","A charity for homeless people","An environmental charity"],"a":[0],"e":"The PDSA (People's Dispensary for Sick Animals) is a charity working with animals. Cancer Research UK is the handbook's medical research example."},{"s":"cancer-research-uk-medical-charity","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Cancer Research UK is an example of a medical research charity.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"The handbook lists Cancer Research UK among medical research charities, alongside other charities for the environment, animals, children and older people."},{"s":"environmental-charities-examples","c":5,"k":"multi","q":"Which TWO are environmental charities?","o":["The National Trust","Friends of the Earth","The NSPCC","Age UK"],"a":[0,1],"e":"Friends of the Earth and the National Trust are the handbook's environmental charities. The NSPCC works with children and Age UK with older people."},{"s":"recycling-reduces-landfill","c":5,"k":"truefalse","q":"True or false: Recycling means less rubbish is created, so less goes into landfill.","o":["True","False"],"a":[0],"e":"Recycling cuts the amount of waste sent to landfill. It also saves energy and reduces the need to take new raw materials from the earth."},{"s":"recycled-materials-use-less-energy","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Which of these statements is correct?","o":["Making new products from recycled materials uses less energy.","Making new products from recycled materials means taking more raw materials out of the ground."],"a":[0],"e":"Products made from recycled materials need less energy and fewer new raw materials, which is why you should recycle as much as you can."},{"s":"buying-local-carbon-footprint","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Why does buying products made locally reduce your carbon footprint?","o":["The products have not travelled as far","The products are cheaper","The products use no packaging","The products are made by volunteers"],"a":[0],"e":"Local goods travel shorter distances, so your carbon footprint is smaller. Shopping locally also helps businesses and farmers near you."},{"s":"walking-public-transport-less-pollution","c":5,"k":"single","q":"Why is walking or using public transport good for the environment?","o":["It creates less pollution than using a car","It reduces the amount of rubbish in landfill","It helps local farmers","It saves raw materials from the earth"],"a":[0],"e":"Choosing to walk or take public transport instead of driving means you produce less pollution."}]}